Spatial distribution and seasonal variations of typical UV filter and insect repellent personal care products in a coastal resort area in Qingdao, Chin

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Jianan

作者： Li, Jianan;Zhao, Chunyao;Zheng, Duan;Yang, Qinlin;Zhang, Peiyang;Wang, Xiaoheng;Xiao, Yihua;Xie, Wenjun;Li, Jiajia;Zhou, Zhenchao;Cui, Erping

作者机构：

关键词： Personal care products; UV filter; Insect repellent; Coastal area; Ecotoxicological risk

期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION （ 影响因子：7.3； 五年影响因子：8.1 ）

ISSN： 0269-7491

年卷期： 2025 年 380 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The occurrence, concentration, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and ecotoxicological risks of six typical UV filter and insect repellent personal care products (PCPs) were evaluated in multiple environmental matrices (river/estuary/wetland water, seawater, beach sands, local WWTP water and sludges) in a coastal resort area in Qingdao, China. Target PCPs were widely detected, with significantly higher levels in the summer across all matrices. Insect repellents (max = 841.49 ng/L for diethyltoluamide [DEET]) were typically found in higher concentrations in natural waters than UV filters (max = 356.24 ng/L for octocrylene [OC]), with oxybenzone (BP3) present in trace levels (generally below 1 ng/L). Seawater exhibited low-level PCPs (mostly below 100 ng/L in total), while high concentrations found in several estuaries suggest potential direct input of relevant PCPs. All target PCPs were present in beach sands (below 50 ng/g dry weight for individual PCP). Natural/constructed wetlands showed minimal removal effects. Insect repellents, particularly DEET (13.97-919.69 ng/L), were abundant in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influents, while OC levels were high in sludges (max = 3842.44 ng/g dry weight). Secondary biological treatment substantially removed PCPs despite increases in the primary aerated grit tank. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between various matrices, such as sands and adjacent seawater for OC, and WWTP water and sludge for 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC). Ecotoxicological risk assessments revealed no-to-medium risks at most sites for individual PCPs, with higher risks in the summer; during this period, river/estuary waters demonstrated higher total risks than seawater, with beach-adjacent seawater showing elevated risks, and several estuaries showed greater risks than their upper reaches. The findings underscore the necessity for research on UV filter and insect repellent PCPs and their associated risks in coastal resort areas.

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