Functions and Regulation of Endogenous Retrovirus Elements during Zygotic Genome Activation: Implications for Improving Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Efficiency

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Fu, Bo

作者： Fu, Bo;Ma, Hong;Liu, Di;Fu, Bo;Ma, Hong;Liu, Di

作者机构：

关键词： preimplantation embryo; endogenous retroviruses; zygotic genome activation; double homeobox; somatic cell nuclear transfer

期刊名称：BIOMOLECULES （ 影响因子：4.879； 五年影响因子：5.362 ）

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年卷期： 2021 年 11 卷 6 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), previously viewed as deleterious relics of ancestral retrovirus infections, are silenced in the vast majority of cells to minimize the risk of retrotransposition. Counterintuitively, bursts of ERV transcription usually occur during maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in preimplantation embryos; this is regarded as a major landmark event in the zygotic genome activation (ZGA) process, indicating that ERVs play an active part in ZGA. Evolutionarily, the interaction between ERVs and hosts is mutually beneficial. The endogenization of retrovirus sequences rewires the gene regulatory network during ZGA, and ERV repression may lower germline fitness. Unfortunately, owing to various limitations of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology, both developmental arrest and ZGA abnormalities occur in a high percentage of cloned embryos, accompanied by ERV silencing, which may be caused by the activation failure of upstream ERV inducers. In this review, we discuss the functions and regulation of ERVs during the ZGA process and the feasibility of temporal control over ERVs in cloned embryos via exogenous double homeobox (DUX). We hypothesize that further accurate characterization of the ERV-rewired gene regulatory network during ZGA may provide a novel perspective on the development of preimplantation embryos.

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