Trade-Offs among Immune Mechanisms: Bacterial-Challenged Spodoptera frugiperda Larvae Reduce Nodulation Reactions during Behavioral Fever

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Lei

作者： Zhang, Lei;Jiang, Xingfu;Lv, Weixiang;Xie, Dianjie;Goodman, Cynthia L.;Ringbauer Jr, Joseph A.;Stanley, David;Lv, Weixiang;Reall, Tamra

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关键词： Spodoptera frugiperda; insect immunity; prostaglandins; behavioral fever; nodulation

期刊名称：INSECTS （ 影响因子：3.0； 五年影响因子：3.1 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2023 年 14 卷 11 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Insect innate immunity is composed of cellular and humoral reactions, the former acting via circulating hemocytes and the latter via immune signaling that lead to the production of antimicrobial peptides and phenol oxidase-driven melanization. Cellular immunity involves direct interactions between circulating hemocytes and invaders; it includes internalization and killing microbes (phagocytosis) and formation of bacterial-laden microaggregates which coalesce into nodules that are melanized and attached to body walls or organs. Nodulation can entail investing millions of hemocytes which must be replaced. We hypothesized that biologically costly hemocyte-based immunity is traded off for behavioral fevers in infected larvae of fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda, that were allowed to fever. We tested our hypothesis by infecting larvae with the Gram-negative bacterium, Serratia marcescens, placing them in thermal gradients (TGs) and recording their selected body temperatures. While control larvae selected about 30 degrees C, the experimental larvae selected up 41 degrees C. We found that 4 h fevers, but not 2, 6 or 24 h fevers, led to increased larval survival. Co-injections of S. marcescens with the prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis inhibitor indomethacin (INDO) blocked the fevers, which was reversed after co-injections of SM+INDO+Arachidonic acid, a precursor to PG biosynthesis, confirming that PGs mediate fever reactions. These and other experimental outcomes support our hypothesis that costly hemocyte-based immunity is traded off for behavioral fevers in infected larvae under appropriate conditions.

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