Origin verification of imported infant formula and fresh milk into China using stable isotope and elemental chemometrics

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhou, Xiuwen

作者： Zhou, Xiuwen;Yan, Zhi;Jin, Baohui;Wu, Yingying;Xie, Liqi;Chen, Haiquan;Wu, Hao;Lin, Guanghui;Lin, Guanghui;Zhao, Yan;Rogers, Karyne M.

作者机构：

关键词： Infant formula; Fresh milk; Stable isotopes; Geographical origin; Discriminant analysis; ANN

期刊名称：FOOD CONTROL （ 影响因子：5.548； 五年影响因子：5.498 ）

ISSN： 0956-7135

年卷期： 2021 年 128 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： China is the largest importer of infant formula. However, monitoring the authenticity of infant formula has long been a problem in China. The origin of infant formula is more difficult to trace than fresh milk because it contains many foreign additives that cannot be correlated to a specific country. In this study, stable isotope ratios (615N, 613C, delta 34S, 62H and 618O) of bulk infant formula milk powder and fresh milk from 6 origins (Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Denmark, New Zealand and China) were compared to establish geographical origin isotopic characteristics. N, C and S elemental contents were also investigated to improve origin verification. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used to establish origin verification models of imported infant formula and fresh milk. Overall, results showed that infant formula had higher 618O, 62H, 615N and 634S values, and lower 613C values than fresh milk. 618O and 62H values of infant formula varied more than in fresh milk, as the additives are not necessarily sourced from the same country, while 615N, 613C and 634S values were more negative, most likely due to the presence of numerous additives probably from non-dairy sources such as fats, sugars, amino acids and proteins. This study showed a combination of isotopes and elemental contents could completely discriminate the origin of infant formula imported into China, with a discrimination accuracy of 100% using ANN.

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