Fluxapyroxad induced toxicity of earthworms: Insights from multi-level experiments and molecular simulation studies

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Lanlan

作者： Zhang, Lanlan;Xu, Ying;Pei, Mengyuan;Yao, Mengyao;Chen, Xiaoni;Cui, Yifei;Lu, Yubo;Zhang, Cheng;Liu, Yao;Han, Fengyang;Han, Fengyang;Wang, Yanhua;Gao, Peng;Gao, Peng;Zhu, Lusheng;Wang, Jun

作者机构：

关键词： Eisenia fetida; Fungicide; Intestinal injury; Molecular docking; Neurotoxicity

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS （ 影响因子：11.3； 五年影响因子：12.4 ）

ISSN： 0304-3894

年卷期： 2024 年 480 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Fluxapyroxad, an emerging succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, is widely used due to its excellent properties. Given its persistence in soil with a 50 % disappearance time of 183-1000 days, it is crucial to evaluate the long-term effects of low-dose fluxapyroxad on non-target soil organisms such as earthworms ( Eisenia fetida). The present study investigated the impacts of fluxapyroxad (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg kg(-1 )) on Eisenia fetida over 56 days, focusing on oxidative stress, digestive and nervous system functions, and histopathological changes. We also explored the mechanisms of fluxapyroxad-enzyme interactions through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Results demonstrated a significant dose-response relationship in the integrated biomarker response of 12 biochemical indices. Fluxapyroxad altered expression levels of functional genes and induced histopatho- logical damage in earthworm epidermis and intestines. Molecular simulations revealed that fluxapyroxad is directly bound to active sites of critical enzymes, potentially disrupting their structure and function. Even at low doses, long-term fluxapyroxad exposure significantly impacted earthworm physiology, with effects becoming more pronounced over time. Our findings provide crucial insights into the chronic toxicity of fluxapyroxad and emphasize the importance of long-term, low-dose studies in pesticide risk assessment in soil. This research offers valuable guidance for the responsible management and application of fungicides.

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