Development and Efficacy Evaluation of a Novel Nano-Emulsion Adjuvant for a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particles Vaccine Based on Squalane

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Shi, Xiaoni

作者： Shi, Xiaoni;Hu, Yonghao;Shi, Xiaoni;Yang, Kun;Song, Hetao;Teng, Zhidong;Zhang, Yun;Ding, Weihao;Wang, Aofei;Tan, Shuzhen;Dong, Hu;Sun, Shiqi;Guo, Huichen;Shi, Xiaoni

作者机构：

关键词： nano-emulsion; adjuvants; FMD virus-like particles; squalane; immune responses

期刊名称：NANOMATERIALS （ 影响因子：5.719； 五年影响因子：5.81 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2022 年 12 卷 22 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The successful development of foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles (FMD-VLPs) has opened a new direction for researching a novel subunit vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Therefore, it is urgent to develop an adjuvant that is highly effective and safe to facilitate a better immune response to be pair with the FMD-VLP vaccine. In this research, we prepared a new nano-emulsion adjuvant based on squalane (SNA) containing CpG using the pseudo-ternary phase diagram method and the phase transformation method. The SNA consisted of Span85, Tween60, squalane, polyethene glycol-400 (PEG400) and CpG aqueous solution. The average particle diameter of the SNA was about 95 nm, and it exhibited good resistance to centrifugation, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. Then, SNA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles vaccine, BALB/c mice and guinea pigs were immunized, and we evaluated the immunization effect. The immunization results in mice showed that the SNA-VLPs vaccine significantly increased specific antibody levels in mice within 4 weeks, including higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a. In addition, it increased the levels of IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta in the immune serum of mice. Meanwhile, guinea pig-specific and neutralizing antibodies were considerably increased within 4 weeks when SNA was used as an adjuvant, thereby facilitating the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. More importantly, in guinea pigs immunized with one dose of SNA-VLPs, challenged with FMDV 28 days after immunization, the protection rate can reach 83.3%, which is as high as in the ISA-206 control group. In conclusion, the novel squalane nano-emulsion adjuvant is an effective adjuvant for the FMD-VLPs vaccine, indicating a promising adjuvant for the future development of a novel FMD-VLPs vaccine.

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