Scattered differentiation of unlinked loci across the genome underlines ecological divergence of the selfing grass Brachypodium stacei

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Mu, Wenjie

作者： Mu, Wenjie;Li, Kexin;Yang, Yongzhi;Lou, Shangling;Yang, Jiao;Wu, Ying;Wu, Shuang;Liu, Jianquan;Mu, Wenjie;Mu, Wenjie;Catalan, Pilar;Breiman, Adina;Nevo, Eviatar

作者机构：

关键词： Brachypodium stacei; ecological divergence; functional genomics; multiomics; selfing species

期刊名称：PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA （ 影响因子：9.1； 五年影响因子：10.6 ）

ISSN： 0027-8424

年卷期： 2023 年 120 卷 45 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ecological divergence without geographic isolation, as an early speciation process that may lead finally to reproductive isolation through natural selection, remains a captivating topic in evolutionary biology. However, the pattern of genetic divergence underlying this process across the genome may vary between species and mating systems. Here, we present evidence that Brachypodium stacei, an annual and highly selfing grass model species, has undergone sympatric ecological divergence without geographic isolation. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses together with lab experiments mimicking the two opposite environmental conditions suggest that diploid B. stacei populations have diverged sympatrically in two slopes characterized by distinct biomes at Evolution Canyon I (ECI), Mount Carmel, Israel. Despite ongoing gene flow, primarily facilitated by seed dispersal, the level of gene flow has progressively decreased over time. This local adaptation involves the scattered divergence of many unlinked loci across the total genome that include both coding genes and noncoding regions. Additionally, we have identified significant differential expressions of genes related to the ABA signaling pathway and contrasting metabolome composition between the arid-vs. forest-adapted B. stacei populations in ECI. These results suggest that multiple small loci involved in environmental responses act additively to account for ecological adaptations by this selfing species in contrasting environments.

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