Evolutionary adaptations generally reverse phenotypic plasticity to restore ancestral phenotypes during new environment adaptation in cattle

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Jiang, Qiang

作者： Jiang, Qiang;Cai, Yafei;Jiang, Qiang;Huang, Jinming;Zhu, Li;Zeng, Hao;Basang, Zhuzha;Suolang, Quji

作者机构：

关键词： cattle; environment adaptation; gene expression; phenotypic plasticity

期刊名称：ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION （ 影响因子：2.6； 五年影响因子：3.0 ）

ISSN： 2045-7758

年卷期： 2024 年 14 卷 6 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Phenotype plasticity and evolution adaptations are the two main ways in which allow populations to deal with environmental changes, but the potential relationship between them remains controversial. Using a reciprocal transplant approach with cattle adapted to the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent lowlands, we aim to investigate the relative contributions of evolutionary processes and phenotypic plasticity in driving both phenotypic and transcriptomic changes under natural conditions. We observed that while numerous genetic transcriptomic changes were evident during the forward adaptation to highland environments, plastic changes predominantly facilitate the transformation of transcriptomes into a preferred state when Tibetan cattle are reintroduced to lowland habitats. Genes with ancestral plasticity are generally reversed by evolutionary adaptations and show a closer expression level to the ancestral stage in evolved Tibetan cattle. A similar trend was also observed at the phenotypes level, with a majority of biochemical and hemorheology phenotypes showing a tendency to revert to their ancestral patterns, suggesting the restoration of ancestral expression levels is a widespread evolutionary trend during adaptation. The findings of our study contribute to the debate regarding the relative contributions of plasticity and genetic changes in mammal environment adaptation. Furthermore, we highlight that the restoration of ancestral phenotypes represents a general pattern in cattle new environment adaptation.

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