Authentication of Indonesian Coconut Sugar Using Stable Carbon Isotopes

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Rogers, Karyne M.

作者： Rogers, Karyne M.;Phillips, Andy;Fitzgerald, Joan;Rogers, Pam;Ferguson, Chris;Cooper, Jannine;Rogers, Karyne M.;Yuan, Yuwei

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关键词： Coconut sugar; Carbon isotopes; C4 sugar adulteration; Authentication; Seasonal effects

期刊名称：FOOD ANALYTICAL METHODS （ 影响因子：3.366； 五年影响因子：3.07 ）

ISSN： 1936-9751

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Indonesian coconut sugar (n = 109 samples) from different local producers was analyzed over a 2-year period. A mean delta C-13 value of - 25.6 parts per thousand +/- 0.4 parts per thousand was determined for unadulterated (pure) coconut sugar. Seasonal climatic differences of up to +/- 0.4 parts per thousand increase the standard deviations of coconut sugar (- 25.6 parts per thousand +/- 0.8 parts per thousand). Up to 5% w/v of cane sugar is often added during production for seeding purposes which could increase the final coconut sugar delta C-13 values by up to 0.7 parts per thousand. Excess C4 sugar (cane or corn sugar) was suggested in 31 coconut sugar samples due to more positive delta C-13 values (> - 24.8 parts per thousand). More negative coconut sugar delta C-13 values (< - 26.4 parts per thousand) may indicate additives, such as mangosteen sap, commonly used to prevent fermentation of the sugar syrup. A maximum acceptable delta C-13 value of - 24.1 parts per thousand for coconut sugar is proposed which cumulatively accounts for climatic variability and accepted industry seeding practices.

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