Spatiotemporal variability of COVID-19 pandemic in relation to air pollution, climate and socioeconomic factors in Pakistan

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Mehmood, Khalid

作者： Mehmood, Khalid;Bao, Yansong;Bao, Yansong;Abrar, Muhammad Mohsin;Petropoulos, George P.;Saifullah;Soban, Ahmad;Saud, Shah;Khan, Zalan Alam;Khan, Shah Masud;Fahad, Shah;Fahad, Shah

作者机构：

关键词： COVID-19; PM2.5; Climate factors; GLM model; Correlation; GRA; Geoinformation

期刊名称：CHEMOSPHERE （ 影响因子：5.778； 五年影响因子：5.705 ）

ISSN： 0045-6535

年卷期： 2021 年 271 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Information on the spatiotemporal variability of respirable suspended particulate pollutant matter concentrations, especially of particles having size of 2.5 mu m and climate are the important factors in relation to emerging COVID-19 cases around the world. This study aims at examining the association between COVID-19 cases, air pollution, climatic and socioeconomic factors using geospatial techniques in three provincial capital cities and the federal capital city of Pakistan. A series of relevant data was acquired from 3 out of 4 provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) including the daily numbers of COVID-19 cases, PM2.5 concentration (mu gm(-3)), a climatic factors including temperature (degrees F), wind speed (m/s), humidity (%), dew point (%), and pressure (Hg) from June 1 2020, to July 31 2020. Further, the possible relationships between population density and COVID-19 cases was determined. The generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to quantify the effect of PM2.5, temperature, dew point, humidity, wind speed, and pressure range on the daily COVID-19 cases. The grey relational analysis (GRA) was also implemented to examine the changes in COVID-19 cases with PM2.5 concentrations for the provincial city Lahore. About 1,92, 819 COVID-19 cases were reported in Punjab, Sindh, KPK, and Islamabad during the study period. Results indicated a significant relationship between COVID-19 cases and PM2.5 and climatic factors at p < 0.05 except for Lahore in case of humidity (r = 0.175). However, mixed correlations existed across Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, and Islamabad. The R-2 value indicates a moderate relationship between COVID-19 and population density. Findings of this study, although are preliminary, offers the first line of evidence for epidemiologists and may assist the local community to expedient for the growth of effective COVID-19 infection and health risk management guidelines. This remains to be seen. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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