Chemical transformations of nanoscale zinc oxide in simulated sweat and its impact on the antibacterial efficacy

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Qian, Xiaoting

作者： Qian, Xiaoting;Tang, Qing;Hong, Aimei;Bian, Xinyun;Lou, Haijin;Li, Lingxiangyu;Gu, Zhouhang;Dai, Yihong;Xu, Zhenlan;Mortimer, Monika;Baalousha, Mohammed

作者机构：

关键词： Nanoscale zinc oxide; Simulated sweat; Phosphate-induced transformation; Selective dissolution; Bioavailability

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS （ 影响因子：9.038； 五年影响因子：8.512 ）

ISSN： 0304-3894

年卷期： 2021 年 410 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Nanoscale zinc oxide (n-ZnO) is widely used in personal care products and textiles, thus, it would likely be released into human sweat. To better evaluate the potential human health risks of n-ZnO, it is essential to understand its chemical transformations in physiological solutions, such as human sweat, and the resulting changes in the n-ZnO bioavailability. Here, two types of n-ZnO, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and nanorod-based ZnO nanospheres (ZnO-NSs) were synthesized and incubated in 3 types of simulated sweat with different pH values and phosphate concentrations. The content of Zn-3(PO4)(2) in the transformed n-ZnO was quantified by selective dissolution of Zn-3(PO4)(2) in 0.35 M ammonia solution where 100% and 5.5% of Zn-3(PO4)(2) and ZnO were dissolved, respectively. The kinetics analysis indicated that by 24-48 h the content of Zn-3(PO4)(2) reached the maximum, being 15-21% at pH 8.0 and 45-70% at pH 5.5 or 4.3. Interestingly, no correlation was observed between the rate constants of Zn-3(PO4)(2) formation and the specific surface areas of n-ZnO, implying that chemical transformations from n-ZnO to Zn-3(PO4)(2) in the simulated sweat might not be simply attributed to dissolution and precipitation. Using a variety of characterization techniques, we demonstrated the formation of a ZnO-Zn-3(PO4)(2) core-shell structure with the shell consisting of amorphous Zn-3(PO4)(2) at pH 8.0 and additionally of crystalline Zn-3(PO4)(2) and Zn-3(PO4)(2)center dot 4H(2)O at pH 5.5 or 4.3. The phosphate-induced transformation of n-ZnO in the simulated sweat at pH 5.5 and 4.3 greatly reduced the antibacterial efficacy of n-ZnO through moderating the nanoparticle dissolution, indicating limited bioavailability of the NPs upon transformation. The results improve the understanding of the fate and hazards of n-ZnO.

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