Nitrogen and Gray Water Footprints of Various Cropping Systems in Irrigation Districts: A Case from Ningxia, China

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Huan

作者： Liu, Huan;Zhang, Tianpeng;Du, Xinzhong;Wu, Shuxia;Liu, Hongbin;Liu, Xiaotong;Zhao, Ying;Luo, Jiafa;Qiu, Weiwen

作者机构：

关键词： irrigated areas; life cycle; nitrogen footprint; gray water footprint; LMDI; gray correlation analysis

期刊名称：WATER （ 影响因子：3.0； 五年影响因子：3.3 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 17 卷 5 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Under the influence of water resource conservation policies, the annual water diversion volumes in irrigation areas have been steadily decreasing, leading to substantial changes in regional cropping systems. These shifts have profoundly impacted agricultural reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions and surface water quality. This study focuses on the Yellow River Irrigation area of Ningxia, China, and employs a life cycle assessment method to quantitatively analyze fluctuations in the nitrogen footprint (NF) and gray water footprint (GWF) across three cropping systems-rice-maize intercropping, rice monoculture, and maize monoculture-during 2021-2023. The results indicate that rice monoculture exhibited significant variability in NF values (197.89-497.57 kg Neqha-1), with NO3- leaching identified as the primary loss pathway (102.33-269.48 kg Neqha-1). The GWF analysis revealed that in 2021, the region's GWF peaked at 23.18 x 104 m3ha-1, with water pollution predominantly concentrated in Pingluo County (8 x 104 m3ha-1). LMDI analysis identified nitrogen fertilizer application as the main contributor to variations in NF, while surface water pollution was indirectly influenced by crop yield. Furthermore, gray correlation analysis highlighted a significant coupling relationship between NF and GWF, with nitrogen fertilizer application having the most pronounced impact on GWF. Therefore, in the face of the gradual tightening of water resources in the irrigation areas, the current situation of reduced water diversion should be adopted as early as possible, and initiatives such as the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application and the adjustment of the planting area of dryland crops should be accelerated to cope with the problem of nitrogen pollution brought about by changes in the cropping system.

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