Development of fruit color in Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese raspberry): A story about novel offshoots of anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthesis

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Xiaobai

作者： Li, Xiaobai;Wang, Yin;Jin, Liang;Chen, Zhen;Jiang, Jingyong;Jackson, Aaron

作者机构：

关键词： Dimeric anthocyanins; Apocarotenoids; Fruit coloration; Chinese raspberry

期刊名称：PLANT SCIENCE （ 影响因子：4.729； 五年影响因子：5.132 ）

ISSN： 0168-9452

年卷期： 2021 年 311 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Rubus chingii, is widely distributed in many Asian countries and well known for its medicinal and dietary properties. Diversity of fruit color in raspberry has been attributed to the presence of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. In this study, we investigated anthocyanins and carotenoids, and their biosynthesis by LC-MS/MS. Six anthocyanins mainly consisted of flavanol-anthocyanins while five carotenoids mainly consisted of 13-citraurin esters. Flavanol-anthocyanins were produced from an offshoot of the anthocyanin biosynthesis, which started with biosynthesis of flavanols and anthocyanidin by leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR)/anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS/LDOX) respectively. 13-citraurin esters were produced from cleavage of zeaxanthin and esterification by organic acid, which was an offshoot of the carotenoid biosynthesis. The offshoot started with biosynthesis of zeaxanthin and 13-citraurin by carotene 13-hydroxylase (CHYB/LUT5) and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) respectively. During fruit ripening, biosynthesis of flavanols and anthocyanins was down-regulated by genes/proteins involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, while biosynthesis of 13-citraurin esters was up-regulated by imbalanced expression of genes/proteins involved in 13,13-ring and 13, e-ring hydroxylation. Thus, 13-citraurin esters, instead of anthocyanins imparted reddish color to the ripe fruit. These pigments and their biosynthesis in R. chingii are totally different from what occurs in other raspberry species.

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