Organophosphate esters and their transformation products in megacity atmospheres: Size-dependent gas-particle partitioning and transformation potential

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Tang, Chun-Xue

作者： Tang, Chun-Xue;Tang, Min-Qi;Wu, Chen-Chou;Bao, Lian-Jun;Li, Cheng;Cai, Ming-Hong;Cai, Ming-Hong;Zeng, Eddy Y.

作者机构：

关键词： Ambient air; Human health risk; Organophosphate diester; Size-fractionated ratio; Transformation product

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS （ 影响因子：11.3； 五年影响因子：12.4 ）

ISSN： 0304-3894

年卷期： 2025 年 494 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The size-dependent gas-particle partitioning of transformation products (TPs) from organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the transform potential for OPEs to TPs in ambient atmosphere remain under-investigated. To fill this knowledge gap, we analyzed gaseous and size-fractionated particle samples collected from Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in China under different meteorological conditions. The concentrations of OPEs were comparable to those in other major cities worldwide, but the levels of TPs were lower than those in these cities. The Li-Ma-Yang model predicted well the size-fractionated gas-particle partition coefficients (K-p) of OPEs and TPs with log K-OA > 9.1. Multiple linear regression model incorporating relative humidity narrowed the gap between predicted and observed K-p of OPEs with log K-OA < 9.1, but still underestimated the K-p values. Hence, humidity-dependent water film adsorption and transformation of these OPEs should be included in future gas-particle partition modeling, especially in fine particles. Size distributions in concentration ratios of nine pairs of OPE to TP were not unified. Temperature exhibited negative effects on gas-particle partitioning of TPs, and inhibited the transformation of tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) to bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) to 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4-OH-DPHP) in the particulate phase. Gaseous TPs contributed more to the human inhalation health risks of OPEs than particle-bound TPs. These findings are significant for comprehending the fate of atmospheric TPs in urban environment.

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