The CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications in crop genome editing

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Bao, Aili

作者： Bao, Aili;Chen, Haifeng;Zhou, Xinan;Cao, Dong;Burritt, David J.;Lam-Son Phan Tran;Lam-Son Phan Tran

作者机构：

关键词： Genome editing; CRISPR/Cas9 system; mutant screening; crop breeding; transgene-free; CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoproteins

期刊名称：CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY （ 影响因子：8.429； 五年影响因子：8.981 ）

ISSN： 0738-8551

年卷期： 2019 年 39 卷 3 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein9) system is an RNA-guided genome editing tool that consists of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). By base-pairing with a DNA target sequence, the sgRNA enables Cas9 to recognize and cut a specific target DNA sequence, generating double strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger cell repair mechanisms and mutations at or near the DSBs sites. Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing and is now becoming widely utilized to edit the genomes of a diverse range of crop plants. In this review, we present an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 system itself, including its mechanism of action, system construction strategies, and the screening methods used to identify mutants containing edited genes. We evaluate recent examples of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for crop plant improvement, and research into the function(s) of genes involved in determining crop yields, quality, environmental stress tolerance/resistance, regulation of gene transcription and translation, and the construction of mutant libraries and production of transgene-free genome-edited crops. In addition, challenges and future opportunities for the use of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in crop breeding are discussed.

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