Walnut Green Husk Extract Enhances Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immune Functions by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Fattening Pigs

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Wang, Jing

作者： Wang, Jing;Jia, Mingyang;Zhang, Qi;Yan, Xiangzhou;Guo, Yaping;Xing, Baosong;Jia, Mingyang;Wang, Lei

作者机构：

关键词： fattening pig; walnut green husk extract; 16s rDNA sequencing; untargeted metabolomics; functional feed additive

期刊名称：ANIMALS （ 影响因子：2.7； 五年影响因子：3.2 ）

ISSN： 2076-2615

年卷期： 2025 年 15 卷 16 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： This study investigates the effect of walnut green husk extract (WE) on gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune-antioxidant changes in fattening pigs through gut microbiota-metabolite interactions. A total of 60 healthy fattening pigs (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 65.2 +/- 3.1 kg were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30 per group): the control group (NC), which was fed a basal diet, and the WE group, which was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% walnut green husk extract (WE). Dietary supplementation with 0.1% WE significantly increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Firmicutes, Lactobacillus) and reduced pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria, Shigella). Untargeted metabolomics identified 170 differentially accumulated metabolites, among which propionic acid-a key short-chain fatty acid with immunomodulatory effects-was significantly upregulated by 1.09-fold (p = 0.03) and showed a positive correlation with beneficial microbial abundances. These metabolites were enriched in glycerophospholipid and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathways, where eicosadienoic acid inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa B) pathway for anti-inflammatory effects, and methyl cinnamate synergistically regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling with Lactobacillus. Serum analyses showed that WE significantly enhanced IgA, IgM, and IgG levels by 3.97-fold, 4.67-fold, and 4.43-fold (p < 0.01), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by 82.8% (p < 0.01), and trended to improve antioxidant capacity via glutamine. Mechanistically, WE promoted short-chain fatty acid production by beneficial bacteria, forming a "microbiota-metabolite-immunity" cascade to enhance lipid metabolism and alleviate intestinal inflammation. These findings highlight that WE provides multi-omics evidence for its application as a functional feed additive.

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