CRISPR/Cas9: A powerful tool for crop genome editing

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Song, Gaoyuan

作者： Song, Gaoyuan;Jia, Meiling;Chen, Kai;Kong, Xingchen;Khattak, Bushra;Xie, Chuanxiao;Li, Aili;Mao, Long

作者机构：

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9;Double-strand break;Genome editing;TALENs;ZFNs

期刊名称：CROP JOURNAL （ 影响因子：4.407； 五年影响因子：5.687 ）

ISSN： 2095-5421

年卷期： 2016 年 4 卷 2 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is evolved froma type II bacterial immune system and represents a new generation of targeted genome editing technology that can be applied to nearly all organisms. Site-specific modification is achieved by a single guide RNA (usually about 20 nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospacer-adjacent motif. Cas9 nuclease then cleaves the targeted DNA to generate double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are subsequently repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms. NHEJ may introduce indels that cause frame shift mutations and hence the disruption of gene functions. When combined with double or multiplex guide RNA design, NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletions, whereas HDR can be engineered for target gene correction, gene replacement, and gene knock-in. In this review, webriefly survey the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also describe the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement. (C) 2016 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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