Improving Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Simultaneously for Maize and Wheat in China: A Review

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Meng Qingfeng

作者： Meng Qingfeng;Yue Shanchao;Hou Peng;Cui Zhenling;Chen Xinping;Meng Qingfeng;Hou Peng

作者机构：

关键词： crop N requirement;high yield;integrated soil-crop system management;N application timing;N demand

期刊名称：PEDOSPHERE （ 影响因子：3.911； 五年影响因子：4.814 ）

ISSN： 1002-0160

年卷期： 2016 年 26 卷 2 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Achieving both high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) simultaneously has become a major challenge with increased global demand for food, depletion of natural resources, and deterioration of environment. As the greatest consumers of N fertilizer in the world, Chinese farmers have overused N, and there has been poor synchrony between crop N demand and N supply because of limited understanding of the N uptake-yield relationship. To address this problem, this study evaluated the total and dynamic N requirement for different yield ranges of two major crops (maize and wheat), and suggested improvements to N management strategies. Whole-plant N aboveground uptake requirement per grain yield (N-req) initially deceased with grain yield improvement and then stagnated, and yet most farmers still believed that more fertilizer and higher grain yield were synonymous. When maize yield increased from < 7.5 to > 12.0 Mg ha(-1), Nreq decreased from 19.8 to 17.0 kg Mg-1 grain. For wheat, it decreased from 27.1 kg Mg-1 grain for grain yield < 4.5 Mg ha(-1) to 22.7 kg Mg-1 grain for yield > 9.0 Mg ha(-1). Meanwhile, the percentage of dry matter and N accumulation in the middle-late growing season increased significantly with grain yield, which indicated that N fertilization should be concentrated in the middle-late stage to match crop demand while farmers often applied the majority of N fertilizer either before sowing or during early growth stages. We accordingly developed an integrated soil-crop system management strategy that simultaneously increases both grain yield and NUE.

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