How evolution repeatedly builds complexity: a case study with C4 photosynthesis in Blepharis (Acanthaceae)

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Stata, Matt

作者： Stata, Matt;Sage, Tammy L.;Sage, Rowan F.;Lyu, Ming-Ju Amy;Zhu, Xin-Guang;Liu, Hongbing;Cheng, Shifeng

作者机构：

关键词： Blepharis phylogeny; C-3-C-4 intermediates; C-4 photosynthesis; convergent evolution; gas exchange; photosynthetic evolution

期刊名称：NEW PHYTOLOGIST （ 影响因子：8.1； 五年影响因子：10.3 ）

ISSN： 0028-646X

年卷期： 2025 年

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： With over 60 parallel origins representing evolutionary replicates, C-4 photosynthesis is well-suited for studying complex trait evolution. However, lineages with diverse C-3-C-4 intermediate species are scarce, leaving uncertainty in models of C-4 evolution. Phenotypic characterization of 28 living species of Blepharis (Acanthaceae) is presented, including photosynthetic gas exchange, enzyme activity assays, cell ultrastructure, and delta C-13 assays, the latter including 92 herbarium specimens from three species with phenotypic diversity. A well-resolved transcriptome-based phylogeny provides evolutionary context. C-3, proto-Kranz, C-2, C-4-like, and C-4 phenotypes occur in Blepharis sect. Acanthodium. The phylogeny supports a stepwise progression from C-3 through C-2 to C-4 states and up to five distinct origins of the C-4 cycle. Substantial intraspecific C-2-C-4 variation is demonstrated in Blepharis mitrata, Blepharis furcata, and Blepharis macra. Blepharis gazensis is a monospecific C-4 lineage exhibiting an NADP malic enzyme C-4 pathway with features of the NAD-ME subtype, extending the ways in which the C-4 cycle is known to function. Substantial photosynthetic diversity exists in Blepharis that rivals or exceeds the range of character states present in other C-3 to C-4 transitional lineages. This diversity in Blepharis represents a robust new model for studying convergent evolution of C-4 photosynthesis and complex traits in general.

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