Nitrogen dynamics and budgets in a winter wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, XJ

作者： Liu, XJ;Ju, XT;Zhang, FS;Pan, JR;Christie, P

作者机构：

关键词： winter wheat-maize cropping;NO3-N accumulation and leaching;gaseous N losses;N budgets;China

期刊名称：FIELD CROPS RESEARCH （ 影响因子：5.224； 五年影响因子：6.19 ）

ISSN： 0378-4290

年卷期： 2003 年 83 卷 2 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Nitrogen dynamics and budgets in a clay loam soil (Meadow Aqualf) in the North China Plain were investigated in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system comparing the effects of four N rates (0, 120, 240 and 360 ka N ha(-1) as urea) applied twice to each crop over 2 years. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in the soil profile remained at a low and constant level (except in the surface 20 cm layer) following application of fertilizer N. In contrast, nitrate nitrogen (NO3N) levels were significantly altered by the rate of applied N. A strong tendency of NO3-N to move from the surface layer to the lower layers (20-100 cm) was observed during the wheat and maize growth seasons in treatments of 240 and 360 kg N ha(-1) per crop (N240 and N360). The amounts of NO3-N accumulated in the soil profile were significantly higher in N240 and N360 than those in N0 and N120 (treatments receiving 0 and 120 kg N ha(-1) per crop). After 2 years, soil NO3-N levels at 0-300 cm depth in N 120, N240 and N360 amounted to 336, 815 and 1141 kg ha(-1) respectively, with more than half of these amounts distributed in the 100-300 cm layer. The calculated total N balance indicates that most fertilizer N was available as NO3-N in the top 300 cm of the soil profile using traditional fertilization and irrigation practices. Over the subsequent 2 years, N losses were calculated to be relatively low in N120 but significantly higher in N240 and N360. Measured gaseous N losses showed that NH3 volatilization and denitrification comprised only a small fraction of total N losses during the 2-year rotation, while NO3-N leaching from the top 100 cm of the soil profile accounted for most N losses across all N rates and experimental years. The N budget showed that accumulation and/or leaching of NO3-N below 100 cm depth (beyond the reach of most roots) was the main pathway for N losses in the winter wheat-maize cropping system. The recommended N application rate of 120 kg N ha(-1) minimized soil NO3-N accumulation and leaching losses while maintaining high yields and N utilization by winter wheat and maize. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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