Urea transport and hydrolysis in the rumen: A review

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Hailemariam, Samson

作者： Hailemariam, Samson;Zhao, Shengguo;He, Yue;Wang, Jiaqi;Hailemariam, Samson

作者机构：

关键词： Urea transporter; Urea; Urea hydrolysis; Ruminal bacteria

期刊名称：ANIMAL NUTRITION （ 影响因子：5.285； 五年影响因子：7.059 ）

ISSN： 2405-6383

年卷期： 2021 年 7 卷 4 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Inefficient dietary nitrogen (N) conversion to microbial proteins, and the subsequent use by ruminants, is a major research focus across different fields. Excess bacterial ammonia (NH3) produced due to degradation or hydrolyses of N containing compounds, such as urea, leads to an inefficiency in a host's ability to utilize nitrogen. Urea is a non-protein N containing compound used by ruminants as an ammonia source, obtained from feed and endogenous sources. It is hydrolyzed by ureases from rumen bacteria to produce NH3 which is used for microbial protein synthesis. However, lack of information exists regarding urea hydrolysis in ruminal bacteria, and how urea gets to hydrolysis sites. Therefore, this review describes research on sites of urea hydrolysis, urea transport routes towards these sites, the role and structure of urea transporters in rumen epithelium and bacteria, the composition of ruminal ureolytic bacteria, mechanisms behind urea hydrolysis by bacterial ureases, and factors influencing urea hydrolysis. This review explores the current knowledge on the structure and physiological role of urea transport and ureolytic bacteria, for the regulation of urea hydrolysis and recycling in ruminants. Lastly, underlying mechanisms of urea transportation in rumen bacteria and their physiological importance are currently unknown, and therefore future research should be directed to this subject. (C) 2021 Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.

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