The sublethal effects of ethiprole on the development, defense mechanisms, and immune pathways of honeybees (Apis melliferaL.)

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Yueyue

作者： Liu, Yueyue;He, Jiang;Liu, Yueyue;Wang, Chen;Bai, Yingchen;Qi, Suzhen

作者机构：

关键词： Ethiprole; Honeybees; Chronic effects; Detoxification; Immune reaction

期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH （ 影响因子：4.609； 五年影响因子：4.677 ）

ISSN： 0269-4042

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ethiprole has been widely used in agriculture, but there have been few studies on the adverse effects of ethiprole on nontarget organisms. This study focused on the mechanism of the sublethal effects of ethiprole on the development, antioxidation mechanisms, detoxification mechanisms and immune-related gene expression of honeybees (Apis melliferaL.). Honeybee larvae were found to be more sensitive than pupae to ethiprole. It was found that ethiprole inhibited the pupation and eclosion of bee larvae in a dose-dependent manner, with ethiprole doses of 1 x 10(-3) mg/L decreasing pupation and eclosion rates to 50.00 +/- 8.84% and 20.83 +/- 10.62%, respectively. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and detoxification factors (glutathione and glutathioneS-transferase) were also significantly increased in ethiprole-exposed honeybees, indicating that a sublethal dose of ethiprole also induced oxidative stress in honeybees. In the 1 x 10(-3) mg/L ethiprole-exposure group, the expression of pathogen recognition-related genePGRP-4300was upregulated 11.10 +/- 0.45-fold, and that of detoxification-related geneCYP4G11was upregulated 8.84 +/- 0.11-fold, indicating that ethiprole induced an immune reaction in honeybees. To the best our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration that sublethal concentrations of ethiprole inhibit honeybee development and activate honeybee defense and immune systems.

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