文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Mao, Haoran

作者： Mao, Haoran;Xiang, Xingjia;Mao, Haoran;Leng, Ke;Liu, Jia;Chen, Xinyi;Zhang, Jie;Liu, Kailou;Lin, Yongxin

作者机构：

关键词： Red soil; Long-term fertilization; Soil fertility; PLFA

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS （ 影响因子：3.0； 五年影响因子：3.4 ）

ISSN： 1439-0108

年卷期： 2025 年 25 卷 4 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Purpose Fertilization has been widely adopted as an effective agricultural production strategy that also has a significant impact on soil microbial communities. However, the changes in soil microbial community structure and their driving factors following long-term fertilization in red soil remain unclear, and the contributions of soil fertility and microbial communities to crop yields need to be investigated. Materials and methods In this study, we collected soil samples from field plots in the red soil region of southern China following 33 years of long-term different fertilization regimes with an early maize-late maize-winter fallow rotation system. The fertilization regimes included ten treatments: (1) Without fertilization (Control); (2) solo phosphorus (P); (3) solo potassium (K); (4) solo mineral nitrogen (N); (5) mineral nitrogen plus phosphorus (NP); (6) mineral nitrogen plus potassium (NK); (7) balanced mineral (NPK); (8) double doses of NPK (HNPK); (9) organic fertilization (M); and (10) NPK plus organic fertilization (NPKM).This study aimed to reveal changes in soil fertility, microbial communities, and their contribution to maize yield. Results and discussion The results showed that long-term application of chemical fertilizers has modestly enhanced soil fertility and maize yield, but also led to soil acidification, especially chemical nitrogen fertilizer application alone. In contrast, organic fertilizers dramatically improved soil fertility and maize yield (8.0-fold to 14.3-fold), and reversed soil acidification to increase pH. Compared to the control, mineral nitrogen fertilization and organic fertilization significantly altered the soil microbial community structure, whereas there was no significant difference between the 33-year phosphorus and potassium fertilization. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that changes in soil pH following long-term different fertilization were the dominant factor in shaping the microbial community, as well as a major source of environmental stress. Moreover, organic fertilization increased the biomass of total PLFA, Gram-positive bacteria (G(+)), Gram-negative bacteria (G(-)), fungi, actinomycetes and soil microbial diversity, reduced the G(+): G(-) bacteria and the saturated fatty acids (S): monounsaturated fatty acids (U) ratios, which shifted the microbial community from oligotrophs to copiotrophs. The 16:1 omega 7c can be used as a dominant biomarker in soil microorganisms after organic fertilization. However, the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis showed that improvement of soil fertility after long-term fertilization in red soil still was the primary factor in increasing maize yield. However, the G(+)/G(-) and S/U ratios, rather than other biological indicators, also have a considerable contribution to maize yield. Soil pH exerts an indirect impact on crop yields primarily by inducing changes in the G(+)/G(-) and S/U ratios. Conclusion Fertilization of red soil should be based on the premise of preventing soil acidification, and the combined application of long-term chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers is an effective fertilization measure. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization and production of red soil in southern China.

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