Mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 Responses Induced by Plant Oil Adjuvant-Based B. bronchiseptica Vaccine in Mice, with Mechanisms Unraveled by RNA-Seq, 16S rRNA and Metabolomics

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Cui, Xuemei

作者： Cui, Xuemei;Xiang, Qiuju;Huang, Yee;Ji, Quanan;Hu, Zizhe;Shi, Tuanyuan;Bao, Guolian;Liu, Yan;Xiang, Qiuju

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关键词： E515 adjuvant; immunity; Bordetella bronchiseptica; mechanisms

期刊名称：VACCINES （ 影响因子：3.4； 五年影响因子：3.7 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2024 年 12 卷 10 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Background/Objectives: The current Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) vaccine, when adjuvanted with alum, does not elicit adequate robust cellular immunity or effective antibody defense against Bb attacks. Unfortunately, antibiotic treatment generally represents an ineffective strategy due to the development of resistance against a broad range of antibiotics. Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the immune response, protective capabilities and underlying mechanisms of a plant oil-based adjuvant E515 formulated with inactivated Bb antigen as a potential vaccine candidate against Bordetella bronchiseptica. Results: Immunization studies revealed that a combination of SO, VE and GS (E515) exhibited a good synergistic adjuvant effect. The E515 adjuvanted Bb vaccine was proven to be highly efficacious and induced a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune response in mice, leading to a significant increase in Bb-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, proliferative lymphocyte responses and cytokine levels (by lymphocytes and serum) and effectively induced responses by CD4+ TE, TM cells and B cells. The E515 adjuvant significantly enhanced the immune protection provided by the Bb vaccine in a mice model, as indicated by a reduced bacterial burden in the lungs. Multi-omics sequencing analysis revealed that E515 functions as an adjuvant by modulating critical pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the IL-17 signaling pathway and the chemokine signaling pathway. This modulation also included interactions with beneficial species of bacteria including Alistipes, Odoribacter and Colidextribacter, as well as energy and lipid-related metabolites, thus highlighting its role as an immunomodulatory agent. Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrate the huge potential of E515-Bb vaccine candidates, thus highlighting the vegetable oil original adjuvant E515 as a promising agent for the development of new veterinary vaccines.

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