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Active meiosis during dinoflagellate blooms: A 'sex for proliferation' hypothesis

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Lin, Senjie 1 ; Yu, Liying 2 ; Wu, Xiaomei 2 ; Li, Meizhen 2 ; Zhang, Yaqun 2 ; Luo, Hao 2 ; Li, Hongfei 2 ; Li, Tangcheng 2 ; Li, Ling 2 ;

作者机构： 1.Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA

2.Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, Peoples R China

3.Fujian Med Univ, Cent Lab, Affiliated Hosp 2, Quanzhou 362000, Peoples R China

4.McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1B1, Canada

5.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Key Lab Aquat Genom, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Beijing 100141, Peoples R China

6.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Beijing Key Lab Fishery Biotechnol, Beijing 100141, Peoples R China

7.Zhejiang Ocean Univ, Natl Engn Res Ctr Marine Aquaculture, Zhoushan 316022, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

8.Shantou Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Coll Sci, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, Peoples R China

9.Shantou Univ, Biol Dept, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, Peoples R China

关键词： Sexual reproduction; Dinoflagellate bloom; Sex for encystment (SXE); Sex for proliferation (SXP); Meiosis genes

期刊名称：HARMFUL ALGAE （ 影响因子：5.905； 五年影响因子：6.676 ）

ISSN： 1568-9883

年卷期： 2022 年 118 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： In dinoflagellates, sexual reproduction is best known to be induced by adverse environmental conditions and culminate in encystment for survival ('sex for encystment'). Although increasing laboratory observations indicate that sex can lead to production of vegetative cells bypassing encystment, the occurrence of this alternative pathway in natural populations and its ecological roles remain poorly understood. Here we report evidence that sex in dinoflagellates can potentially be an instrument for bloom proliferation or extension. By bloom meta-transcriptome profiling, we documented elevated expression of meiosis genes in two evolutionarily distinct species (Prorocentrum shikokuense and Karenia mikimotoi) during bloom, a timing unexpected of the 'sex for encystment' scenario. To link these genes to meiosis, we induced encystment and cyst germination in the cyst -forming species Scrippsiella acuminata, and found that five of these genes were upregulated during cyst germi-nation, when meiosis occurs. Integrating data from all three species revealed that SPO11, MND1, and DMC1 were likely common between cyst-forming and non-encysting sex in dinoflagellates. Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses revealed consecutive rounds of DNA halving during blooms of P. shikokuense and K. mikimotoi, evidencing meiosis. These data provided novel evidence that sexual reproduction in dinoflagellates might serve to promote cell proliferation, and along with the consequent enhancement of genetic diversity facilitating resistance against pathogens and environmental stress, to boost or extend a bloom ('sex for proliferation'). The putative meiosis-specific genes and insights reported here will prove to be helpful for rigorously testing the hypothesis and addressing whether the two modes of sex are genetically predisposed (i.e. species-specific) or environmentally induced (switchable within species), and if the latter what triggers the switch.

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