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Nitrogen efficiency in long-term wheat maize cropping systems under diverse field sites in China

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Liu, Jie 1 ; Liu, Hua 2 ; Huang, Shaomin 3 ; Yang, Xueyun 4 ; Wang, Boren 5 ; Li, Xiuying 1 ; Ma, Yibing 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Plant Nutr & Nutrient Cycling, Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Xinjiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Soil & Fertilizer, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, Peoples R China

3.Henan Acad Agr Sci, Inst Soil & Fertilizer, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, Peoples R China

4.NW A&F Univ, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

5.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Expt Stn Red Soil, Qiyang 426182, Hunan, Peoples R China

关键词： phosphorus: 7723-14-0;potassium: 7440-09-7;nitrogen: 7727-37-9;agrichemical;fertilizer;manure;straw;Geopolitical Locations;China: Asia;Palearctic region;fertilization;grain yield;agricultural practice;soil characteristics;environment protection;recovery efficiency;climate characteristics;rotation system;physiological efficiency

期刊名称：FIELD CROPS RESEARCH （ 影响因子：5.224； 五年影响因子：6.19 ）

ISSN：

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Efficiency of fertilizer N is becoming increasingly important in modern agricultural production owing to increasing food requirement and growing concern about environments. However, there is almost no study regarding its long-term efficiency in wheat and maize cropping systems. Long-term (15 years) experiments involving wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and maize (Zea mays L) rotations at five field sites with various soil and climate characteristics in China were used to determine the nitrogen (N) efficiency, including the physiological efficiency, recovery efficiency and N mass balance of soil-plant systems in response to different fertilization treatments. The present study consisted of nine treatments: unfertilized. N, phosphorus, potassium, straw and manure or their combinations. The contribution of N fertilizers to wheat yield was higher than to maize and suggested that wheat could be given priority over maize when determining N application rates. Uptake of 1 kg N produced 35.6 kg of wheat grain and 39.5 kg of maize grain. The deficit of N in soils without applied N ranged from 40 to 103 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), while N surpluses in soils with applied N fertilizers ranged from 35 to 350 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). The apparent accumulated N recovery efficiency (NREac) varied widely from 4% to 90%: unbalanced fertilization and other soil limiting factors (such as aluminium toxicity) were associated with low NREac. In the treatments of combination of N, phosphorus and potassium with normal application rates, the average of NREac in four out of five sites reached 80%, which suggested that best management of N fertilizers could recover most of N fertilizers applied to soils. The results will be helpful to understand the long-term fate of N fertilizers and to optimize the N fertilization for agricultural practices and environment protection

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