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Influence of the system of rice intensification on rice yield and nitrogen and water use efficiency with different N application rates

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhao, Limei 1 ; Wu, Lianghuan 1 ; Li, Yongshan 3 ; Lu, Xinghua 1 ; Zhu, Defeng 4 ; Uphoff, Norman 5 ;

作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Environm Remediat & Ecosyst Hlth, Coll Environm & Resource Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

2.Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Hohhot 010019, Peoples R China

3.Shanxi Acad Agr Sci, Cotton Res Inst, Yuncheng 044000, Peoples R China

4.China Natl Rice Res Inst, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

5.Cornell Int Inst Food Agr & Dev, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

关键词： Oryza sativa;rice;intensive cropping;grain yield;harvest index;dry matter accumulation;irrigation water;water use efficiency;nitrogen;nutrient use efficiency;nutrient uptake;nitrogen fertilizers;fertilizer rates;field experimentation;China

期刊名称：EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE （ 影响因子：2.118； 五年影响因子：2.292 ）

ISSN：

年卷期：

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha-1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha-1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha-1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha-1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

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