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Characteristics of nitrogen losses from a paddy irrigation-drainage unit system

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Hua, Lingling 1 ; Zhai, Limei 1 ; Liu, Jian 2 ; Guo, Shufang 1 ; Li, Wenchao 1 ; Zhang, Fulin 3 ; Fan, Xianpen 3 ; Liu, H 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Key Lab Nonpoint Source Pollut Control, Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Univ Saskatchewan, Global Inst Water Secur, Sch Environm & Sustainabil, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4, Canada

3.Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect Soil & Fertilizer Sci, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, Peoples R China

关键词： Nonpoint source pollution; Nitrogen loss; Paddy field system; Best management time

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：5.567； 五年影响因子：6.064 ）

ISSN： 0167-8809

年卷期： 2019 年 285 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays an indispensable role in rice (Oryza sativa) production across the world. However, the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss have made N fertilizer management a great challenge for paddy systems. In this field study (2012-2015), we investigated N dynamics in various components of N budgets, i.e., fertilizer, rainfall and irrigation as N inputs and crop harvests, ammonia (NH3) volatilization and surface runoff as major N exports, in a typical paddy irrigation-drainage unit (IDU) in Hubei province, China. Moreover, N in paddy field ponding water and ditch water was also monitored. The mass balance of N for the rice season showed a net retention of 45.6 +/- 7.5 kg N ha(-1) season(-1). Notably, wet deposition (19.5 +/- 6.7 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) accounted for 11% of total N input to the paddy field. NH3 volatilization was the main environmental N loss pathway (mean 34.1 kg N ha(-1) season(-1)); equivalent to 25.3% of N fertilizer application. With regard to N loss, the first week after fertilization is the critical period for NH3 volatilization loss, high total N concentration in the field ponding water and in runoff water. There was about nine days lag between the peaks of N concentrations in paddy field water and in ditch water. In contrast to that of the paddy field, the critical period of N loss from the IDU was 16 days after fertilization. After this period, N concentrations in ditch water declined and stabilized at a low level. Overall, our results suggest that most of the N loss from paddy runoff can be reduced during its delivery from the field to ditches. We suggest best management practices be targeted at the critical loss processes and critical periods in the IDU.

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