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Using genetic tools to inform conservation of fragmented populations of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) across their range in China

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Chen, Ying 1 ; Sun, Yakuan 1 ; Hua, Mei 3 ; Shi, Kun 1 ; Dudgeon, David 2 ;

作者机构： 1.Beijing Forestry Univ, Sch Ecol & Nat Conservat, Mailbox 159,Tsinghua East Rd 35, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China

2.Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

3.Jilin Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrofood Technol, Changchun, Peoples R China

4.Ecobridge Continental, Beijing, Peoples R China

关键词： demography; elephas maximus; genetic diversity; interpopulation variation; national park

期刊名称：INTEGRATIVE ZOOLOGY （ 影响因子：2.083； 五年影响因子：2.271 ）

ISSN： 1749-4877

年卷期：

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： A herd of 15 Chinese elephants attracted international attention during their 2021 northward trek, motivating the government to propose establishment of an Asian elephant national park. However, planning is hampered by a lack of genetic information on the remaining populations in China. We collected DNA from 497 dung samples from all 5 populations encompassing the entire range of elephants in China and used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers to investigate their genetic and demographic structure. We identified 237 unique genotypes (153 females, 84 males), representing 81% of the known population. However, the effective population size was small (28, range 25-32). Historic demographic contraction appeared to account for low haplotype diversity (H-d = 0.235), but moderate nucleotide and nuclear diversity (pi = 0.6%, H-e = 0.55) was attributable to post-bottleneck recovery involving recent population expansion plus historical gene exchange with elephants in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. The 5 populations fell into 3 clusters, with Nangunhe elephants differing consistently from the other 4 populations (F-ST = 0.23); elephants from Mengyang, Simao, and Jiangcheng belonged to a single population (henceforth, MSJ), and differed from the Shangyong population (F-ST = 0.11). Interpopulation genetic variation reflected isolation by distance and female-biased dispersal. Chinese elephants should be managed as 2 distinct units: Nangunhe and another combining Shangyong and MSJ; their long-term viability will require restoring gene flow between Shangyong and MSJ, and between elephants in China and neighboring countries. Our results have the potential to inform conservation planning for an iconic megafaunal species.

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