文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Khan, Kifayatullah ¹ ; Younas, Muhammad ² ; Ali, Jafar ³ ; Shah, Noor Samad ⁴ ; Kavil, Yasar N. ⁵ ; Assiri, Mohammed A. ⁷ ; Cao, Xianghui ⁸ ; Sher, Hassan ⁹ ; Maryam, Afsheen ² ; Zhou, Yunqiao ¹¹ ; Yaseen, Muhammad ¹² ; Xu, Li ¹³ ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Urban & Reg Ecol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

2.Univ Swat, Dept Environm & Conservat Sci, Swat 19120, Khyber Pakhtunk, Pakistan

3.Jilin Univ, Jilin Prov Key Lab Water Resources & Environm, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China

4.COMSATS Univ Islamabad, Dept Chem, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan

5.King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Marine Sci, Marine Chem Dept, POB 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

6.Stockholm Convent Reg Ctr Capac Bldg & Transfer Te, POB 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait

7.King Khalid Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia

8.China Inst Geoenvironm Monitoring, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

9.Univ Swat, Ctr Plant Sci & Biodivers, Swat 19120, Pakistan

10.Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Sci ACES B, Inst Miljovetenskap, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

11.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, State Key Lab Tibetan Plateau Earth Syst Resources, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China

12.Univ Peshawar, Inst Chem Sci, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan

13.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China

14.Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China

关键词： Perfluoroalkyl acids; Drinking water; Multivariate statistics; Source allocation; Environmental risks; Pakistan

期刊名称：MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN （ 影响因子：5.3； 五年影响因子：6.1 ）

ISSN： 0025-326X

年卷期： 2024 年 203 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： This study assessed the occurrence, origins, and potential risks of emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) for the first time in drinking water resources of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In total, 13 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) with carbon (C) chains C4-C18 and 4 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) with C chains C4-C10 were tested in both surface and ground drinking water samples using a high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC) equipped with an Agilent 6460 Triple Quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. The concentrations of & sum;PFCAs, & sum;PFSAs, and & sum;PFAAs in drinking water ranged from 1.46 to 72.85, 0.30-8.03, and 1.76-80.88 ng/L, respectively. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) were the dominant analytes in surface water followed by ground water, while the concentration of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) were greater than long-chain PFOA and PFOS. The correlation statistics, which showed a strong correlation (p < 0.05) between the PFAA analytes, potentially indicated the fate of PFAAs in the area's drinking water sources, whereas the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) statistics identified industrial, domestic, agricultural, and commercial applications as potential point and non-point sources of PFAA contamination in the area. From risk perspectives, the overall PFAA toxicity in water resources was within the ecological health risk thresholds, where for the human population the hazard quotient (HQ) values of individual PFAAs were < 1, indicating no risk from the drinking water sources; however, the hazard index (HI) from the & sum;PFAAs should not be underestimated, as it may significantly result in potential chronic toxicity to exposed adults, followed by children.