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Analysis of stomatal characteristics of maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines during critical reproductive periods

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhang, Changyu 1 ; Jin, Yu 1 ; Wang, Jinglu 1 ; Zhang, Ying 1 ; Zhao, Yanxin 3 ; Lu, Xianju 1 ; Song, Wei 4 ; Guo, Xinyu 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Informat Technol Res Ctr, Beijing Key Lab Digital Plant, Beijing, Peoples R China

2.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Natl Engn Res Ctr Informat Technol Agr, Beijing, Peoples R China

3.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Maize Res Ctr, Beijing Key Lab Maize DeoxyriboNucle Acid DNA Fing, Beijing, Peoples R China

4.Hebei Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Cereal & Oil Crops, Key Lab Crop Genet & Breeding Hebei Prov, Shijiazhuang, Peoples R China

关键词： maize; hybrids; stomatal phenotypes; high-throughput acquisition; deep learning

期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE （ 影响因子：4.8； 五年影响因子：5.7 ）

ISSN： 1664-462X

年卷期： 2025 年 15 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The stomatal phenotype is a crucial microscopic characteristic of the leaf surface, and modulating the stomata of maize leaves can enhance photosynthetic carbon assimilation and water use efficiency, thereby playing a vital role in maize yield formation. The evolving imaging and image processing technologies offer effective tools for precise analysis of stomatal phenotypes. This study employed Jingnongke 728 and its parental inbred to capture stomatal images from various leaf positions and abaxial surfaces during key reproductive stages using rapid scanning electron microscopy. We uesd a target detection and image segmentation approach based on YOLOv5s and Unet to efficiently obtain 11 phenotypic traits encompassing stomatal count, shape, and distribution. Manual validation revealed high detection accuracies for stomatal density, width, and length, with R2 values of 0.92, 0.97, and 0.95, respectively. Phenotypic analyses indicated a significant positive correlation between stomatal density and the percentage of guard cells and pore area (r=0.36), and a negative correlation with stomatal area and subsidiary cell area (r=-0.34 and -0.46). Additionally, stomatal traits exhibited notable variations with reproductive stages and leaf layers. Specifically, at the monocot scale, stomatal density increased from 74.35 to 87.19 Counts/mm2 from lower to upper leaf layers. Concurrently, the stomatal shape shifted from sub-circular (stomatal roundness = 0.64) to narrow and elongated (stomatal roundness = 0.63). Throughout the growth cycle, stomatal density remained stable during vegetative growth, decreased during reproductive growth with smaller size and narrower shape, and continued to decline while increasing in size and tending towards a rounded shape during senescence. Remarkably, hybrid 728 differed notably from its parents in stomatal phenotype, particularly during senescence. Moreover, the stomatal density of the hybrids showed negative super parental heterosis (heterosis rate = -0.09), whereas stomatal dimensions exhibited positive super parental heterosis, generally resembling the parent MC01. This investigation unveils the dynamic variations in maize stomatal phenotypes, bolstering genetic analyses and targeted improvements in maize, and presenting a novel technological instrument for plant phenotype studies.

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