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The synergistic toxicity of the multiple chemical mixtures: Implications for risk assessment in the terrestrial environment

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Chen, Chen 1 ; Wang, Yanhua 3 ; Qian, Yongzhong 1 ; Zhao, Xueping 3 ; Wang, Qiang 4 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Key Lab Agroprod Qual, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Safety Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

3.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Standard Agroprod, Key Lab Pesticide Residue Detect,Minist Agr, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

4.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Standard Agroprod, Key Lab Pesticide Residue Detect,Minist Agr, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Hangzhou

关键词： Insecticides;Herbicides;Heavy metal;Eisenia fetida;Acute mixture toxicity;Combination index

期刊名称：ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL （ 影响因子：9.621； 五年影响因子：10.72 ）

ISSN：

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： The combined toxicity of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor) and a heavy metal (cadmium) has been examined with the earthworm acute toxicity test. Toxicological interactions of these chemicals in four, five, six, seven, and eight-component mixtures were studied using the combination-index (Cl) equation method. In four-component and five-component mixtures, the synergistic effects predominated at lower effect levels, while the patterns of interactions found in six, seven, and eight-component mixtures displayed synergism. The lambda-CY + IMI + BUT + ATR + CPF + PHO combination displayed the most strongly synergistic interaction, with CI values ranging from 0.09 to 0.15. The nature of the interaction changes with the effect level and the relevance of synergistic effects increase with the complexity of the mixture. The CI method was compared with the classical models of concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) and we found that the CI method could accurately predict the combined toxicity. The predicted synergism resulted from co-existence of the pesticides and the heavy metal especially at low effect levels may have important implications in risk assessment for the real terrestrial environment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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