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Risks of phosphorus runoff losses from five Chinese paddy soils under conventional management practices

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Hua, Lingling 1 ; Liu, Jian 2 ; Zhai, Limei 1 ; Xi, Bin 3 ; Zhang, Fulin 4 ; Wang, Hongyuan 1 ; Liu, Hongbin 1 ; Chen, An 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Nonpoint Source Pollut Control, Minist Agr, Inst Agr Resources & Reg Planning, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

3.Minist Agr, Rural Energy & Environm Agcy, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

4.Hubei Acad Agr Sci, Inst Plant Protect Soil & Fertilizer Sci, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, Peoples R China

5.Yunnan Acad Agr Sci, Agr Resources & Environm Inst, Kunming 650205, Yunnan, Peoples R China

关键词： Field ponding water;Nutrient management;Phosphorus;Rice;Runoff;Water quality

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：5.567； 五年影响因子：6.064 ）

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Phosphorus (P) runoff from arable land is a major cause for eutrophication of many surface waters. However, relatively little research has been conducted on managing P in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems, where fanning practices differ from those of upland cropping systems due to water ponding on the soil surface (field ponding water; FPW). Because FPW is a direct source of surface runoff, identifying the main source of P and the critical period of high P concentrations in the FPW provide important insights to mitigating P runoff losses. In this study, field monitoring and laboratory incubation experiments were combined to evaluate how soil P content and conventional P fertilizer application affected FPW P concentrations in rice-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation systems of five Chinese rice producing regions. All soils had Olsen-P concentrations (10.1-20.5 mg kg(-1)) well below the critical levels (30-172 mg kg(-1)) for promoted risks of P loss. However, conventional P application rate significantly elevated FPW P concentrations compared to no P application, and P fertilizer contributed 47-92% of total P (TP) and 59-97% of total dissolved P (TDP) in the FPW. Temporarily, both TP and TDP concentrations peaked one day after P application (0.15-8.90 mg TP L-1 and 0.16-4.49 mg TDP L-1), then decreased rapidly and stabilized five days later. We conclude that fertilizer is the major source of P loss in Chinese rice production systems, and that P fertilizer rate should be optimized to reduce P concentrations in the effluent water in the first week following P application.

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