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Photosynthetic capacity and assimilate transport of the lower canopy influence maize yield under high planting density

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Yan, Yanyan 1 ; Duan, Fengying 1 ; Li, Xia 1 ; Zhao, Rulang 4 ; Hou, Peng 1 ; Zhao, Ming 1 ; Li, Shaokun 1 ; Wang, Yonghong 4 ; Dai, Tingbo 2 ; Zhou, Wenbin 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

2.Nanjing Agr Univ, Minist Agr, Key Lab Crop Physiol Ecol & Prod Management, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China

3.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Sci, State Key Lab Crop Gene Resources & Breeding, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

4.Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Crops Res Inst, Yinchuan 750105, Peoples R China

期刊名称：PLANT PHYSIOLOGY （ 影响因子：7.4； 五年影响因子：8.7 ）

ISSN： 0032-0889

年卷期： 2024 年

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Photosynthesis is a major trait of interest for the development of high-yield crop plants. However, little is known about the effects of high-density planting on photosynthetic responses at the whole-canopy level. Using the high-yielding maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars "LY66," "MC670," and "JK968," we conducted a 2-yr field experiment to assess ear development in addition to leaf characteristics and photosynthetic parameters in each canopy layer at 4 planting densities. Increased planting density promoted high grain yield and population-scale biomass accumulation despite reduced per-plant productivity. MC670 had the strongest adaptability to high-density planting conditions. A physiological analysis showed that increased planting density primarily led to decreases in the single-leaf area above the ear for LY66 and MC670 and below the ear for JK968. Furthermore, high planting density decreased chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic rate due to decreased canopy transmission, leading to severe decreases in single-plant biomass accumulation in the lower canopy. Moreover, increased planting density improved presilking biomass transfer, especially in the lower canopy. The yield showed significant positive relationships with photosynthesis and biomass in the lower canopy, demonstrating the important contributions of these leaves to grain yield under dense planting conditions. Increased planting density led to retarded ear development as a consequence of reduced glucose and fructose contents in the ears, indicating reductions in sugar transport that were associated with limited sink organ development, reduced kernel number, and yield loss. Overall, these findings highlighted the photosynthetic capacities of the lower canopy as promising targets for improving maize yield under dense planting conditions. Photosynthetic capacity and assimilate transfer of the canopy layer below the ear greatly contribute to maize grain yield under high planting density conditions in the field.

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