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Binary and ternary toxicological interactions of clothianidin and eight commonly used pesticides on honey bees (Apis mellifera)

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Wang, Yanhua 1 ; Zhu, Yu-Cheng 2 ; Li, Wenhong 2 ; Yao, Jianxiu 2 ; Reddy, Gadi V. P. 2 ; Lv, Lu 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Key Lab Detect Pesticide Residue & Control Zhejia, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

2.USDA ARS, 141 Expt Stn Rd,MS 38776, Stoneville, MS USA

3.Guizhou Acad Agr Sci, Guizhou Inst Plant Protect, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, Peoples R China

4.Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA

关键词： Mixture toxicity; Crop pollinators; Synergistic effect; Neonicotinoid insecticides

期刊名称：ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY （ 影响因子：6.291； 五年影响因子：6.393 ）

ISSN： 0147-6513

年卷期： 2021 年 223 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Although many toxicological evaluations have been conducted for honey bees (Apis mellifera), most of these studies have only focused on the effects of individual chemicals. However, honey bees are usually exposed to pesticide mixtures under field conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of individual pesticides and mixtures of clothianidin (CLO) with eight other pesticides [carbaryl (CAR), thiodicarb (THI), chlorpyrifos (CHL), beta-cyfluthrin (BCY), gamma-cyhalothrin (GCY), tetraconazole (TET), spinosad (SPI) and indoxacarb (IND)] on honey bees using a feeding method. Toxicity tests of a 4-day exposure to individual pesticides revealed that CLO had the highest toxicity to A. mellifera, with an LC50 value of 0.24 mu g a.i. mL(-1), followed by IND and CHL with LC50 values of 3.40 and 3.56 mu g a.i. mL(-1), respectively. SPI and CAR had relatively low toxicities, with LC50 values of 7.19 and 8.42 mu g a.i. mL(-1), respectively. In contrast, TET exhibited the least toxicity, with an LC50 value of 258.7 mu g a.i. mL(-1). Most binary mixtures of CLO with other pesticides exerted additive and antagonistic effects. However, all the ternary mixtures containing CLO and TET (except for CLO+TET+THD) elicited synergistic responses to bees. Either increased numbers of components in the mixture or/and a unique mode of action appeared to be responsible for the higher toxicity of mixtures. Our findings emphasized the need for risk assessment of pesticide mixtures rather than the individual chemicals. Our data also provided information that might help growers avoid increased toxicity and unnecessary injury to pollinators.

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