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The IMD pathway in Hemipteran: A comparative analysis and discussion

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Ma, Li 1 ; Liu, Shanlin 4 ; Lu, Ping 3 ; Yan, Xizhong 1 ; Hao, Chi 1 ; Wang, Han 1 ; Wei, Jiufeng 1 ; Qie, Xingtao 1 ; Lu, Zhiqiang 3 ;

作者机构： 1.Shanxi Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Plant Protect, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, Peoples R China

2.Shanxi Agr Univ, Shanxi Key Lab Integrated Pest Management Agr, Taiyuan 030801, Shanxi, Peoples R China

3.Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

4.China Agr Univ, Coll Plant Protect, Dept Entomol, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China

关键词： IMD pathway; Hemipteran; Antimicrobial peptide (AMP); Absence; Trade-off

期刊名称：DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY （ 影响因子：3.605； 五年影响因子：3.833 ）

ISSN： 0145-305X

年卷期： 2022 年 136 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The evolutionary patterns of the genes in the IMD pathway in hemipterans were characterized and compared. The hemipteran insects were clustered into two groups. One group that encompasses whitefly, plant lice, and scale insect partially lacks the IMD pathway and all antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes, with the vast majority of IMD pathway and all AMP genes being absent in aphids. The reasons for the absence of the IMD pathway and AMP genes in hemipterans were analyzed based on aphids, in terms of fitness costs. In case of limited resources, aphids have to make a trade-off between the necessary costs such as clean food sources, the essential amino acids supplied by primary bacterial symbionts for survival, nutrients and/or protections against stress provided by secondary symbionts, and the high reproductive capacity, and the costs that do not increase the fitness. Obvi-ously, aphids have to abandon the strong immune system, especially the AMPs and IMD pathway which is mainly against Gram-negative bacteria. The common ground shared with aphids may be the reason for the absence of the IMD pathway and AMP genes in other hemipteran insects.

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