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Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management. A review

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Peng, Shaobing 1 ; Buresh, Roland J. 1 ; Huang, Jianliang 2 ; Zhong, Xuhua 3 ; Zou, Yingbin 4 ; Yang, Jianchang 5 ; Wa 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Int Rice Res Inst, Crop & Environm Sci Div, Manila, Philippines

2.Huazhong Agr Univ, Crop Physiol & Prod Ctr, MOA Key Lab Huazhong Crop Physiol Ecol & Prod, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China

3.Guangdong Acad Agr Sci, Rice Res Inst, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China

4.Hunan Agr Univ, Crop Physiol Ecol & Prod Ctr, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China

5.Yangzhou Univ, Coll Agr, Dept Agron, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

6.Zhejiang Univ, Coll Environm & Nat Resources Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, Peoples R China

7.NE Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm Sci, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China

8.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource R

关键词： site-specific nitrogen management;nitrogen use efficiency;grain yield;nitrogen response;rice;China

期刊名称：AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT （ 影响因子：5.832； 五年影响因子：9.354 ）

ISSN： 1774-0746

年卷期： 2010 年 30 卷 3 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Excessive nitrogen (N) application to rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop in China causes environmental pollution, increases the cost of rice farming, reduces grain yield and contributes to global warming. Scientists from the International Rice Research Institute have collaborated with partners in China to improve rice N fertilization through site-specific N management (SSNM) in China since 1997. Field experiments and demonstration trials were conducted initially in Zhejiang province and gradually expanded to Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Hubei and Heilongjiang provinces. On average, SSNM reduced N fertilizer by 32% and increased grain yield by 5% compared with farmers' N practices. The yield increase was associated with the reduction in insect and disease damage and improved lodging resistance of rice crop under the optimal N inputs. The main reason for poor fertilizer N use efficiency of rice crop in China is that most rice farmers apply too much N fertilizer, especially at the early vegetative stage. We observed about 50% higher indigenous N supply capacity in irrigated rice fields in China than in other major rice-growing countries. Furthermore, yield response of rice crop to N fertilizer application is low in China, around 1.5 t ha(-1) on average. However, these factors were not considered by rice researchers and extension technicians in determining the N fertilizer rate for recommendation to rice farmers in China. After a decade of research on SSNM in China and other Asian rice-growing countries, we believe SSNM is a matured technology for improving both fertilizer N use efficiency and grain yield of rice crop. Our challenges are to further simplify the procedure of SSNM and to convince policy-makers of the effectiveness of this technology in order to facilitate a wider adoption of SSNM among rice farmers in China.

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