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Regulation of nitrogen utilization and mycotoxin biosynthesis by the GATA transcription factor AaAreA in Alternaria alternata

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Wang, Liuqing 1 ; Wang, Cheng 2 ; Xu, Liang 3 ; Wang, Meng 1 ;

作者机构： 1.BAAFS Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol, 9 Middle Rd Shuguanghuayuan, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China

2.Xinjiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agri Prod, Lab Qual & Safety Risk Assessment Agriprod Urumqi, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, Peoples R China

3.Flower Technol Extens & Demonstrat Stn Daxing Dist, Beijing 102601, Peoples R China

关键词： Alternaria alternata; Alternariol; Mycotoxin; Nitrogen regulation; GATA transcription factor

期刊名称：WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY （ 影响因子：4.1； 五年影响因子：4.2 ）

ISSN： 0959-3993

年卷期： 2024 年 40 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Alternaria alternata is a prevalent postharvest pathogen that generates diverse mycotoxins, notably alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), which are recurrent severe contaminants. Nitrogen sources modulate fungal growth, development, and secondary metabolism, including mycotoxin production. The GATA transcription factor AreA regulates nitrogen source utilization. However, little is known about its involvement in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in A. alternata. To examine the regulatory mechanism of AaAreA on AOH and AME biosynthesis in A. alternata, we analyzed the impact of diverse nitrogen sources on the fungal growth, conidiation and mycotoxin production. The use of a secondary nitrogen source (NaNO3) enhanced mycelial elongation and sporulation more than the use of a primary source (NH4Cl). NaNO3 favored greater mycotoxin accumulation than did NH4Cl. The regulatory roles of AaAreA were further clarified through gene knockout. The absence of AaAreA led to an overall reduction in growth in minimal media containing any nitrogen source except NH4Cl. AaAreA positively regulates mycotoxin biosynthesis when both NH4Cl and NaNO3 are used as nitrogen sources. Subcellular localization analysis revealed abundant nuclear transport when NaNO3 was the sole nitrogen source. The regulatory pathway of AaAreA was systematically revealed through comprehensive transcriptomic analyses. The deletion of AaAreA significantly impedes the transcription of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, including aohR, pksI and omtI. The interaction between AaAreA and aohR, a pathway-specific transcription factor gene, demonstrated that AaAreA binds to the aohR promoter sequence (5'-GGCTATGGAAA-3'), activating its transcription. The expressed AohR regulates the expression of downstream synthase genes in the cluster, ultimately impacting mycotoxin production. This study provides valuable information to further understand how AreA regulates AOH and AME biosynthesis in A. alternata, thereby enabling the effective design of control measures for mycotoxin contamination.

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