High prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum by perfusion in naturally exposed water buffalo in a region of the Philippines endemic for human schistosomiasis

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Jiz, Mario

作者： Jiz, Mario;Adriatico, Melika;Jarilla, Blanca;Sagliba, Marianne;Moreno, Ammabelle;Olveda, Remigio;Mingala, Claro;Fu, Zhi-Qiang;Lu, Ke;Lin, Jiao-Jiao;Park, Sangshin;Park, Sangshin;Kurtis, Jonathan D.;Wu, Hannah W.

作者机构：

期刊名称：PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES （ 影响因子：4.781； 五年影响因子：5.013 ）

ISSN： 1935-2735

年卷期： 2021 年 15 卷 9 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Author summarySchistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis, with water buffalo (carabao) constituting a major non-human reservoir. In the Philippines, previous reports based on conventional coprological examination of carabao feces have concluded that the prevalence of S. japonicum infection is low. We now report schistosome worm burden data by perfusion from water buffalo that were previously uninfected and subsequently exposed to Sj by moving to highly endemic villages. Perfusion of 34 water buffalo in Macanip, Leyte, Philippines revealed that 33 out of the 34 animals (97%) had at least one pair of S. japonicum worms in the mesenteric veins after 10 months of exposure. To date, no direct worm recovery report from naturally exposed water buffalo in the Philippines has been published. Our data suggested that urgent attention is needed to qualify the integrated measurements for Sj infection control in the Philippines, considering water buffalo as an important drought animal and its role in human schistosomiasis transmission. In the past decade, ecological surveys emphasized rats and dogs as the most significant animal reservoirs for Schistosoma japonicum (S.j) in the Philippines. However, recent studies demonstrated 51-91% prevalence of schistosomiasis among water buffalo using qPCR in the Sj endemic regions in the Philippines. In order to resolve the inconsistency of reported surveys regarding Sj endemicity among carabao, a domestic water buffalo that is the most important draught animal, we introduced 42 schistosome negative water buffalo to Macanip, Jaro municipality, Leyte, the Philippines, a subsistence rice-farming village that has been the focus of schistosomiasis japonica studies of our group for the past 20 years. We conducted perfusion to the remaining 34 buffalo that survived 10 months of nature exposure and Typhoon Haiyan. Thirty-three water buffalo were found to be positive with at least 1 pair of worms from the mesenteric vein. The infection rate is 97%, with the worm burden of 94 (95% confidence interval, 49-138 worms) worms. To our knowledge, this is the first report about S. japonicum worm burden in naturally infected water buffalo in the Philippines. The fact that with less than one-year of exposure, in this human schistosomiasis endemic area, only 1 out of 34 water buffalo was uninfected is striking. Urgent attention is needed for a cost-effective technique for monitoring Sj infection in animals and humans. Meanwhile, intervention implementation, including water buffalo treatment and vaccination, should be taken into consideration.

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