Selection and introgression facilitated the adaptation of Chinese native endangered cattle in extreme environments

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Xinfeng

作者： Liu, Xinfeng;Wu, Hui;Lan, Xianyong;Liu, Xinfeng;Li, Zhaohong;Yan, Yubin;Li, Ye;Wu, Hui;Yang, Ruolin;Pei, Jie;Yan, Ping;Guo, Xian

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关键词： adaptation; cattle; endangered; extreme environment; introgression; SNPs

期刊名称：EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS （ 影响因子：5.183； 五年影响因子：5.725 ）

ISSN： 1752-4571

年卷期： 2021 年 14 卷 3 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Although persistent efforts have identified and characterized a few candidate genes and related biological processes with potential functions in the adaptation of many species to extreme environments, few works have been conducted to determine the genomic basis of adaptation in endangered livestock breeds that have been living in extreme conditions for more than thousands of years. To fill this gap, we sequenced the whole genomes of nine individuals from three Chinese native endangered cattle breeds that are living in high-altitude or arid environments. Phylogenetic and evolutionary history analyses of these three and other six breeds showed that the genetic structure of the cattle populations is primarily related to geographic location. Interestingly, we identified pervasive introgression from the yak to Zhangmu cattle (ZMC) that cover several genes (e.g., NOS2, EGLN1 and EPAS1) involved in the hypoxia response and previously identified as positive selection genes in other species, which suggested that the adaptive introgression from yak may have contributed to the adaptation of ZMC to high-altitude environments. In addition, by contrasting the breeds in opposite living conditions, we revealed a set of candidate genes with various functions from hypoxia response, water metabolism, immune response and body shape change to embryo development and skeletal system development, etc., that may be related to high-altitude or arid adaptation. Our research provides new insights into the recovery and adaptation of endangered native cattle and other species in extreme environments and valuable resources for future research on animal husbandry to cope with climate change.

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