Long-term straw return with moderate nitrogen levels reshapes soil bacterial communities in a vertisol

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Guo, Zichun

作者： Guo, Zichun;Qian, Rui;Ding, Tianyu;Gao, Lei;Qian, Rui;Qian, Rui;Ding, Tianyu;Li, Wei;Gao, Lei;Peng, Xinhua

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关键词： nitrogen fertilization; straw incorporation; soil microbial diversity; crop productivity; sustainable soil management

期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY （ 影响因子：4.5； 五年影响因子：5.2 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 16 卷

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Introduction Incorporating straw into the soil is a sustainable practice that can mitigate some of the adverse effects of excessive N fertilization on soil structure degradation and microbial diversity reduction.Methods This objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of straw management (straw return and straw removal) and N fertilization (0, 360, 450, 540, 630, and 720 kg N ha-1 yr.-1) on crop yields, soil properties, and soil microbial communities in a long-term wheat-maize cropping system.Results and discussion The results showed that moderate N application (N450-N540) with straw return optimized wheat (283.5 kg ha-1) and maize (346.5 kg ha-1) yields, whereas higher N fertilization (N630, N720) led to soil acidification (pH decline of 0.51-1.67 units), irrespective of straw management. Straw return increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), nitrate (NO3--N), and available potassium (AK), but decreased ammonium (NH4+-N). Bacterial diversity increased at moderate N rates but decreased at higher N rates. Fungal diversity was generally higher under straw removal, with Chaetomiaceae increasing under straw return, whereas Mortierellaceae and Trichocomaceae declined at high N levels. The Mantel test showed a strong correlation between soil pH and bacterial diversity, while fungal composition was influenced by SOC, TN, and NO3--N. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated that N fertilization directly and indirectly increased wheat yield through improved soil properties, while straw return enhanced bacterial diversity, indirectly supported wheat yield. This study highlights the importance of balanced N fertilization and straw incorporation in maintaining bacterial community structure, fertility, and long-term crop productivity in intensive cropping systems on Vertisol.

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