A gain-of-function mutation at the C-terminus of FT-D1 promotes heading by interacting with 14-3-3A and FDL6 in wheat

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Yuting

作者： Li, Yuting;Xiong, Hongchun;Guo, Huijun;Xie, Yongdun;Zhao, Linshu;Gu, Jiayu;Li, Huiyuan;Zhao, Shirong;Ding, Yuping;Zhou, Chunyun;Liu, Luxiang;Li, Yuting;Fang, Zhengwu

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关键词： wheat; FT-D1; heading date; plant height; FAC; ELF5

期刊名称：PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL （ 影响因子：10.5； 五年影响因子：12.4 ）

ISSN： 1467-7644

年卷期： 2025 年 23 卷 1 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Vernalization and photoperiod pathways converging at FT1 control the transition to flowering in wheat. Here, we identified a gain-of-function mutation in FT-D1 that results in earlier heading date (HD), and shorter plant height and spike length in the gamma ray-induced eh1 wheat mutant. Knockout of the wild-type and overexpression of the mutated FT-D1 indicate that both alleles are functional to affect HD and plant height. Protein interaction assays demonstrated that the frameshift mutation in FT-D1(eh1) exon 3 led to gain-of-function interactions with 14-3-3A and FDL6, thereby enabling the formation of florigen activation complex (FAC) and consequently activating a flowering-related transcriptomic programme. This mutation did not affect FT-D1(eh1) interactions with TaNaKR5 or TaFTIP7, both of which could modulate HD, potentially via mediating FT-D1 translocation to the shoot apical meristem. Furthermore, the 'Segment B' external loop is essential for FT-D1 interaction with FDL6, while residue Y85 is required for interactions with TaNaKR5 and TaFTIP7. Finally, the flowering regulatory hub gene, ELF5, was identified as the FT-D1 regulatory target. This study illustrates FT-D1 function in determining wheat HD with a suite of interaction partners and provides genetic resources for tuning HD in elite wheat lines.

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