N-Doping/KOH Synergy in Waste Moss Biochar for Geosmin Removal in Aquaculture Water: Elucidating Surface Functionalization and Activation Mechanisms

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Zhonghua

作者： Li, Zhonghua;Fan, Limin;Meng, Shunlong;Song, Chao;Chen, Xi;Qiu, Liping;Xu, Huimin;Fan, Limin;Meng, Shunlong;Song, Chao;Qiu, Liping;Xu, Huimin;Fan, Limin;Meng, Shunlong;Song, Chao;Qiu, Liping;Xu, Huimin;Fan, Limin;Meng, Shunlong;Song, Chao;Jiang, Zhongquan;Jiang, Zhongquan

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关键词： earthy substance; aquaculture water remediation; N-doped biochar; alkali activation; bioresources recycling

期刊名称：BIOLOGY-BASEL （ 影响因子：3.5； 五年影响因子：4.0 ）

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年卷期： 2025 年 14 卷 8 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Effective removal of geosmin (GSM) from water is crucial to ensuring high-quality drinking water and sustainable aquaculture worldwide. In this study, response surface methodology with a central composite design optimized the synthesis of moss-derived, nitrogen-doped biochar (KNBC) via ammonia hydrothermal treatment (AHT) coupled with KOH activation, and its performance was compared to the non-activated AHT biochar (NBC). Textural analysis revealed that KNBC exhibited a higher specific surface area (62.13 m2/g) than NBC (57.05 m2/g) and the virgin biochar (BC, 18.55 m2/g). KOH activation markedly expanded mesopore volume and diameter, enhancing GSM mass transfer. KNBC demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity (3.933 mu g/g), which was not significantly different from that of NBC (3.807 mu g/g) but 67.33-fold of that of virgin biochar. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium isotherms fitted both Langmuir and Sips models, consistent with heterogeneous monolayer adsorption. N-doping was found to modulate the electronic and physicochemical microenvironment of active sites. GSM removal was driven by synergistic hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and weak electrostatic attractions at N-/O-containing functionalities. Density functional theory calculations identified pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N functionalities as principal adsorption centers. Furthermore, KNBC retained about 90% of its capacity after four regeneration cycles and proved effective in both synthetic and real water matrices. These findings indicate the potential of moss-based N-doped hydrochar as efficient, reusable adsorbents for GSM removal in drinking water and aquaculture applications.

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