Nanocellulose reinforcement of epoxidized natural rubber: Enhancing strain-induced crystallization for high-performance bio-composites

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Jarnthong, Methakarn

作者： Jarnthong, Methakarn;Wannalak, Aonjira;Thongnuanchan, Bencha;Lopattananon, Natinee;Masa, Abdulhakim;Saito, Hiromu;Soontaranon, Siriwat;Sakai, Tadamoto

作者机构：

关键词： cellulose nanofibers; natural rubber; reinforcement effect; silane modification; strain-induced crystallization

期刊名称：POLYMER COMPOSITES （ 影响因子：4.7； 五年影响因子：4.5 ）

ISSN： 0272-8397

年卷期： 2025 年 46 卷 11 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Nanocomposites of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and natural rubber (NR) have been regarded as promising soft biomaterials for industrial products. However, the CNF was unsatisfactory for NR reinforcement because of poor mixing between CNF and NR. In this study, we explored the combined use of silane-treated CNF and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR20, 20% epoxide content) to enhance the compatibility and reinforcing ability of CNF in NR-based nanocomposites. The CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites containing 5 phr of CNF were prepared via an eco-friendly latex mixing method. Structural observation showed all the CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites exhibited nano-aggregated CNFs consisting of intertwined nanofibers with varying sizes depending on the types of CNFs. The addition of untreated CNFs (U-CNFs) and silane-treated CNFs significantly improved the modulus and tensile strength of the ENR20, notably with U-CNFs. The U-CNFs led to a remarkable 75% increase in tensile strength due to mutual entanglement between nano-aggregated U-CNF and ENR as well as hydrogen bonding despite larger aggregates. Novel model describing the effect of CNF rotation and strong CNF-ENR adhesion on strain-induced crystallization was revealed through WAXS/SAXS in ENR20 composites. Based on these findings, the morphological design with key structure of CNF nano-aggregates enabled the development of high performance CNF-reinforced rubber nanocomposites.Highlights CNFs (13 nm) were modified using two types of alkoxy silanes. 5 phr CNFs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of ENR20. CNF rotation during stretching promoted molecular orientation. U-CNFs reinforced ENR20 due to mutual entanglement and H-bonding. A new model was proposed for strain-induced crystallization process of U-CNF/ENR.

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