Assessing the distribution and human health risks of cationic surface-active agents in honey from China

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Ren, Caijun

作者： Ren, Caijun;Qi, Suzhen;Li, Qiangqiang;Wang, Miao;Wu, Liming;Zhao, Liuwei;Luo, Teng;Shen, Haona

作者机构：

关键词： Benzalkonium chloride; Cationic surface-active agents; Chlorhexidine; Honey; Risk assessment

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS （ 影响因子：11.3； 五年影响因子：12.4 ）

ISSN： 0304-3894

年卷期： 2025 年 486 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Cationic surface-active agents (CSAAs) can persist in ambient water, be ingested by bees, and contaminate honey. Residues of CSAAs in honey remains unknown. This study measured the residual levels of five CSAAs in 271 honey samples from China using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Residual benzalkonium chloride-C-12 (BAC-C-12), BAC-C-14, BAC-C-16, chlorhexidine (CHG), and 4-chloraniline levels were 0.0098-2.1468, 0.0061-1.7492, 0.0012-1.6305, 0.1576-0.8401, and 0.0019-0.0234 mu g kg(-1), respectively. CHG and all BAC were detected in 100 % of Z. jujuba, V. negundo var. heterophylla, wildflower, L. chinensis, and D. longan Lour honey; T. tuan honey had the lowest detection rate of any CSAAs. BAC-C-16 had the highest residual level among all BAC tested in Central, North China. CHG levels were detected in 91.38 % of samples in North China and 100 % in East China. BAC-C-12 was significantly higher in A. cerana versus A. mellifera honey (P < 0.001). Hazard quotient and Hazard index values indicate that CSAAs residuals in honey do not pose a health risk. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between BACs resides in honey and surrounding environment. The findings suggest that continuous monitoring of CSAAs in honey is imperative to ensure its safety for human consumption, while also serving as an effective matrix to assess the environmental pollution of a given region.

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