Ali-A1 and TPL1 proteins interactively modulate awn development in wheat

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Qiao, Linyi

作者： Qiao, Linyi;Zhang, Xueqi;Zhang, Xiaojun;Li, Xin;Jia, Juqing;Chang, Zhijian;Qiao, Linyi;Fan, Min;Yan, Liuling;Li, Tian;Liu, Shujuan;Yang, Zujun;Qiao, Ling

作者机构：

关键词： ALI protein; TPL protein; Awn; Auxin; Wheat

期刊名称：CROP JOURNAL （ 影响因子：5.6； 五年影响因子：6.0 ）

ISSN： 2095-5421

年卷期： 2025 年 13 卷 2 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The awn can contribute to photosynthesis and carbohydrates, enhancing grain yield in wheat. We mapped QAwn.sxau-5A, a major QTL for awn development in wheat (Triticum aestivum). This QTL was delimited to a 994-kb interval at the B1 locus on chromosome 5A, which included the candidate gene encoding a zinc finger protein (TraesCS5A01G542800) as an awn length inhibitor (ALI). The Ali-A1 allele for the awnless trait showed abundant sequence differences in the promoter regions compared to the aliA1 allele for the long-awn trait. The results of the swap experiment on the promoters from the two ALI-A1 alleles showed that the two promoters caused a difference in the protein level, indicating the gene was regulated at the transcript level. However, the ali-A1 allele contained an SNP that caused a premature stop codon in its coding region, resulting in a truncated protein compared to the functional Ali-A1 protein. The Ali-A1 protein contained two ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs, one at the N terminus (EAR-N) and the other at the C terminus (EAR-C), and they were involved in interactions with the wheat co-repressor protein TOPLESS (TPL1). The ali-A1 protein retained the EAR-N motif but lost the EAR-C motif, resulting in the attenuated ability to interact with TPL1. The tpl1 mutant produced a longer awn compared to the wild type. Ali-A1 repressed the transcription of two downstream genes, TaLRP-A1 and TaARF-B1, involved in endogenous auxin concentrations and auxin responses in wheat. We concluded that the awn length is regulated not only by the ALI-A1 gene at transcript levels but also by Ali-A1 and TPL1 at the protein level in wheat. (c) 2025 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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