High-quality genome of Firmiana hainanensis provides insights into the evolution of Malvaceae subfamilies and the mechanism of their wood density formation

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Dong, Zeyu

作者： Dong, Zeyu;Jin, Shangkun;Fan, Rui;Shao, Lei;Zhao, Ting;Jiang, Haojie;Guan, Xueying;Hu, Yan;Zhang, Tianzhen;Fang, Lei;Dong, Zeyu;Jin, Shangkun;Shao, Lei;Zhao, Ting;Zhang, Zhiyuan;Guan, Xueying;Hu, Yan;Zhang, Tianzhen;Fang, Lei;Dong, Zeyu;Shang, Haihong;Fan, Rui;Sun, Pengcheng

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关键词： Malvaceae species; Genome evolution; Ancestral karyotype; Transposable elements; Cell wall biosynthesis

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND GENOMICS （ 影响因子：7.1； 五年影响因子：6.4 ）

ISSN： 1673-8527

年卷期： 2025 年 52 卷 6 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： The Malvaceae family, the most diverse family in the order Malvales, consists of nine subfamilies. Within the Firmiana genus of the Sterculioideae subfamily, most species are considered globally vulnerable, yet their genomes remain unexplored. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly for a representative Firmiana species, F. hainanensis, 2n 1/4 40, totaling 1536 Mb. Phylogenomic analysis shows that F. hainanensis and Durio zibethinus have the closest evolutionary relationship, with an estimated divergence time of approximately 21 millions of years ago (MYA) and distinct polyploidization events in their histories. Evolutionary trajectory analyses indicate that fissions and fusions may play a crucial role in chromosome number variation (2n 1/4 14 to 2n 1/4 96). Analysis of repetitive elements among Malvaceae reveals that the Tekay subfamily (belonging to the Gypsy group) contributes to variation in genome size (ranging from 324 Mb to 1620 Mb). Additionally, genes associated with P450, peroxidase, and microtubules, and thereby related to cell wall biosynthesis, are significantly contracted in F. hainanensis, potentially leading to its lower wood density relative to Hopea hainanensis. Overall, our study provides insights into the evolution of chromosome number, genome size, and the genetic basis of cell wall biosynthesis in Malvaceae species. Copyright (c) 2025, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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