Modeling of Flame Retardants in Typical Urban Indoor Environments in China during 2010-2030: Influence of Policy and Decoration and Implications for Human Exposure
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Li, Zengwei 1 ; Zhu, Ying 1 ; Wang, Dou 3 ; Zhang, Xianming 4 ; Jones, Kevin C. 5 ; Ma, Jianmin 6 ; Wang, Pu 1 ; Yang, Ru 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China
2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
3.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Lab Hangzhou Risk Assessment Agr Prod, Minist Agr, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
4.Concordia Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, West Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada
5.Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England
6.Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Lab Earth Surface Proc, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
7.Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China
关键词： flame retardants; indoor contamination; indoor chemical exposure model; chemical use policy; decoration
期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY （ 影响因子：9.028； 五年影响因子：9.922 ）
ISSN： 0013-936X
年卷期： 2021 年 55 卷 17 期
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Novel flame retardants (FRs) are of increasing concern, given growing evidence of health effects and use to replace polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). This study modeled combined effects of use policies and decoration on indoor FRs and human exposure for 18 widely used PBDEs, organophosphate esters (OPEs), and novel brominated flame retardants in typical urban indoor environments in China. The current estimated indoor emission rates and average concentrations in air and dust of the 18 FRs were 10(2)-10(3) ng/h, 561 ng/m(3), and 1.5 x 10(4) ng/g, respectively, with seven OPEs dominant (>69%). Different use patterns exist between China and the US and Europe. Scenarios modeled over 2010-2030 suggested that decoration would affect indoor concentrations of FRs more than use policies, and use policies were mainly responsible for shifts of FR composition. Additional use of hexabromobenzene and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene and removal of BDE-209 would make the total human exposure to the modeled FR mixture increase after the restriction of penta- and octa-BDE but decrease after deca-BDE was banned. Better knowledge of the toxicity of substitutes is needed for a complete understanding of the health implications of such changes. Toddlers may be more affected by use changes than adults. Such studies are supportive to the management of FR use.Y
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