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Pathogenic and genomic characterization of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 associated with mass mortalities of blood cockle (Anadara kagoshimensis)

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Zhang, Xiang 1 ; Kang, Hui-Gang 1 ; Sun, Tong-Qiu 4 ; Huang, Bo-Wen 1 ; Wei, Mao-Le 1 ; Wang, Chong-Ming 1 ; Bai, Chang-Ming 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Minist Agr, Key Lab Maricultural Organism Dis Control, State Key Lab Mariculture Biobreeding & Sustainabl, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China

3.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Fisheries Sci & Food Prod Proc, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China

4.Ocean & Fisheries Res Inst Binzhou, Binzhou 265800, Peoples R China

关键词： Anadara kagoshimensis; Ostreid herpesvirus 1; OsHV-1; Mass mortalities; Genome sequence

期刊名称：AQUACULTURE （ 影响因子：3.9； 五年影响因子：4.4 ）

ISSN： 0044-8486

年卷期： 2025 年 595 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) is an infectious viral disease of bivalve mollusks with a wide geographic distribution across five continents. Since its initial identification in 1991, the disease has been identified as the cause of mortality in more than ten species of bivalve mollusks. The transmission of OsHV-1 is thought to be facilitated by water. In 2019 and 2021, mass mortalities of blood cockle (Anadara kagoshimensis) hatchery broodstock associated with OsHV-1 infection were reported. The presence of OsHV-1 DNA was confirmed in all hatchery samples with levels exceeding 106 copies per milligram of DNA. OsHV-1 was not detected in the wild populations from which the broodstock was collected, indicating that the virus was introduced into the hatchery with seawater from the open ocean. The results of the histopathological examination indicated that tissue lesions and associated hemocyte infiltration were most prevalent in the connective tissues of the digestive tract, mantle, gills and foot of the diseased A. kagoshimensis. In situ hybridization (ISH) signals of OsHV-1 DNA were frequently observed in infiltrated hemocytes, putative fibroblasts, and on occasion, in muscle cells with weak staining. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of herpes-like viral particles within the nucleus of infected cells. The genomes of the OsHV-1 variants from cases 2019 and 2021 were successfully resolved through direct high-throughput sequencing of infected tissues. A phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome sequences of 32 OsHV-1 variants revealed that the segregation of the virus was primarily structured by host species and geographic origin, with some exceptions. We propose that the sympatric distribution of different host species and the potential occurrence of cross-species transmission of OsHV-1 are responsible for the inconsistency between the phylogenetic segregation and their host species. This is the first report on the pathogenic and genomic characterization of OsHV-1 infecting A. kagoshimensis. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses offer new insights into the evolution of the virus and provide valuable information for the prevention and control of the disease.

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