Metabolites of 2-and 3-Monochloropropanediol (2-and 3-MCPD) in Humans: Urinary Excretion of 2-Chlorohydracrylic Acid and 3-Chlorolactic Acid after Controlled Exposure to a Single High Dose of Fatty Acid Esters of 2-and 3-MCPD
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Bergau, Nick 1 ; Zhao, Zhiyong 2 ; Abraham, Klaus 1 ; Monien, Bernhard H. 1 ;
作者机构： 1.German Fed Inst Risk Assessment BfR, Dept Food Safety, Max Dohrn Str 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany
2.Shanghai Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrofood Stand & Testing Technol, Shanghai 201403, Peoples R China
关键词： 2-chlorohydracrylic acid; 3-chlorolactic acid; 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol; 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol; beta-chlorolactic acid; controlled exposure
期刊名称：MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH （ 影响因子：5.914； 五年影响因子：6.409 ）
ISSN： 1613-4125
年卷期： 2021 年 65 卷 4 期
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： Scope: Fatty acid esters of 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) are formed during the deodorization of vegetable oils. After lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the intestine, 2- and 3-MCPD are absorbed, but their ensuing human metabolism is unknown. Methods and results: The compounds 2-chlorohydracrylic acid (2-ClHA) and 3-chlorolactic acid (3-ClLA) resulting from oxidative metabolism of 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD, respectively, are identified and quantified in human urine samples. An exposure study with 12 adults is conducted to determine the urinary excretion of 2-ClHA and 3-ClLA. The participants eat 12 g of hazelnut oil containing 24.2 mg kg(-1) 2-MCPD and 54.5 mg kg(-1) 3-MCPD in the form of fatty acid esters. Average daily amounts of "background" excretion before the exposure are 69 nmol 2-ClHA and 3.0 nmol 3-ClLA. The additional mean excretion due to the uptake of the hazelnut oil amounts to 893 nmol 2-ClHA (34.0% of the 2-MCPD dose) and 16.4 nmol 3-ClLA (0.28% of the 3-MPCD dose). Conclusions: The products of oxidative metabolism of 2- and 3-MCPD, 2-ClHA, and 3-ClLA, are described for the first time in humans. Due to the lack of specificity, the metabolites may not be used as exposure biomarkers to low doses of bound 2- and 3-MCPD, respectively.
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